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Understanding Cells

Understanding Cells. Robert Hooke was important scientist that discovered cells by looking at cork under a microscope. He actually gave cells their name. Robert Hooke made this important discovery over 300 years ago!. The Cell Theory.

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Understanding Cells

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  1. Understanding Cells • Robert Hooke was important scientist that discovered cells by looking at cork under a microscope. He actually gave cells their name. • Robert Hooke made this important discovery over 300 years ago!

  2. The Cell Theory • Due to the discovery made by Hooke, other scientists looked at other objects/living things looking for cells. • This curiosity lead to what is known as the cell theory. • Cell Theory states that all living things are made up of one or more cells, the cell is the smallest unit of life and all new cells come from preexisting cells.

  3. Extra Extra! Read All About It!Cell Theory Raises More Questions! • Due to the development of the cell theory, scientists wanted to know: “If all living things are made of cells, then what are cells made of?”

  4. Basic Cell Substances • Cells contain macromolecules. Macromolecules cannot function without the main ingredient in cells. • The main ingredient in any cell is water! More than 70% of cell’s volume is made up of water. • Water is essential for life. • Water is not only inside cells but also surrounds them as well which helps insulate your body to maintain homeostasis.

  5. Macromolecules: Main Concepts • Macromolecules are large molecules that form when small molecules join together • There are four types in cells: nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. • Each type of macromolecule has a unique job in a cell.

  6. Macromolecules Nucleic Acids Proteins Important macromolecule Proteins are long chains of amino acid molecules RNA contains instructions for joining amino acids together Each protein has unique job (cells contain hundreds of proteins) Some protein jobs include: communication, transporting substances around inside cells and provide structural support • DNA & RNA are examples • Nucleic Acids form when long chains of molecules called nucleotides join together. • Contain genetic information • Changing the order of the nucleotides in DNA/RNA changes genetic info. • DNA gives instructions for cell growth, cell reproduction, and cell processes. • DNA is used to make RNA. • RNA is used to make proteins

  7. Macromolecules Lipids Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are made up of one sugar molecule, two sugar molecules, or a long chain of sugar molecules Their jobs are: store energy, provide structural support, and are needed for communication between cells. Sugars & starches (bread/pasta) are carbohydrates that store energy Cellulose is a carbohydrate in the cell walls in plants that provides structural support. • Is a large macromolecules that doesn’t dissolve in water • Because they do not dissolve, their job is to be a protective barrier in cells • They are in cell membranes • They store energy • Play a role in cell communication • Examples-cholesterol, phospholipids and vitamin A

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