Presentation Transcript

1. WorkRelated ICT Applications IGCSE ICT Mrs. Ghazaal Free Powerpoint Templates
2. Processing Types Batch Processing– data is collected, thenprocessedat one time Online Processing– input data is acteduponimmediately and files updatedimmediately Real-time Processing– input data is processedimmediately, resulting output is readybefore the next input
3. Batch Processing This is when a number of tasks are gathered together and loaded onto a computer system for processing together as a batch. It is used to process large amount of non-critical information. There is no user interaction once the processing starts, costs are low and there are no time constraints. Examples are bank cheques, payroll processing, inputting new stock into a library database, and utility bills (electric, water bills). A transaction file is usually created for batch processing. This means that batch-processing is ideal for payroll processing: Working hours data is collected into a batch The data can be processed in one go at the end of the week/month The same calculations will be performed on all the data No user input is required during the processing The processing can be done during quiet times when the computer system is not being used for other things (e.g. at night)
4. Online Processing Online processing provides the user or customer access to a network, often using the internet, and the ability to edit and use a large database. This may be a booking system for an airline, theatre or cinema. The system must be able to handle multiple users simultaneously and provide almost instant feedback or results to update the bookings for other users and prevent ‘double booking’. Greater demand on these systems will increase hardware and software costs. User/computer is in direct contact with the main computer Appears that nobody else can access the system at that point Processing is almost immediate
5. Real-time Processing Real-time processing is an example of online processing, used when an immediate response or action is required. The importance of reliability and longevity make these the most expensive systems. This may include air-traffic control systems, financial systems (ATMs), medical monitoring equipment, microprocessor-controlled central heating and cooling systems.
6. Payroll Applications
7. Payroll Applications refer to page 30 StudentHandbook
8. Booking Systems
9. Booking Systems Booking systems are an example of both online and real time processing. Computer asks customer for details of flight Computer asks for personal details of passengers Computer searches for matching flights Computer may display list of seats available Computer may ask customer to select a seat (Customer selects seat from those available and) computer flags seat as booked Computer asks customer to complete payment details Computer checks details are valid by communicating with customer’s bank Computer checks if sufficient funds Airline’s database is updated immediately Number of seats available reduces by number booked Prevents double booking Confirmation/e-ticket may be sent to customer by email
10. School Management Systems Schools have to manage many different sets of data: Pupil information (name, contact details, etc.) Staff information (name, bank details for pay, etc.) Timetable (rooms, times, subject, staff, classes, etc.) Pupil assessment(marks, progress, comments, etc.) Pupil behaviour (dates, incidents, notes, etc.) Administration data (letters, forms, etc.) Financial records (wages, fees, etc.) Exam entries (times, dates, pupils, results, etc.) School Library (books, borrowers, etc.)
11. School Management Systems Teachers and administrators log on to the file server for the School Management System, but students are not permitted to access this system. IGCSE ICT Coursebook – read about school registration systems on page 136
12. Central Heating (Microprocessor Controlled)
13. EXTRA CREDIT Define the word feedback using the dictionary (not the ICT definition) Use the word feedback in a sentence (not related to ICT) Define the word feedback (in terms of ICT) Give an example of a situation that would require a feedback loop (cannot use the example from the previous slide) Total extra credit available for this assignment is 2 marks (will be applied towards practical quiz marks)
14. Banking ICT is an important feature of the banking industry. Banks receive and send money by electronic funds transfer (EFT). Upon receiving one of these instructions, the computer system automatically transfers the specified amount from one account to another. Transfer instructions can come from other banks or from businesses. When an employee receives his or her salary, or when you make a payment at a supermarket checkout, funds are moved from one account to another. As banks have branches throughout a country, and may have international branches, they will have a WAN that utilises real-time processing.
15. Banking – ATM machines
16. Banking – ATMs So what really happens when you insert your card into the ATM (Automatic Teller Machine)? The customer is asked to type in their PIN The (ATM) checks to see if the card is valid The customer is asked which language/currency they require The bank account details are read from the chip Customer is asked if they want a receipt The typed PIN number is compared with that stored in the chip If they are the same the transaction proceeds If they are not the same the customer is asked to re-enter PIN If three failed attempts transaction rejected and card withheld The customer is asked which service is required The customer selects required service (cash) The customer is asked how much money they want to withdraw The customer’s account is checked to see if it has sufficient funds The amount is checked against the card limit If there are sufficient funds (and the amount is within the card limit) the transaction is authorised If not sufficient funds & amount within the card limit the transaction is rejected The amount is deducted from the customer account The bank notes are issued The card is returned (by the computer) If required receipt is printed.
17. Advantages of Chip & Pin System over MagneticStripe System Data is more difficult to copy Extra layer of security with PIN number Even if stolen it cannot be used without knowing the PIN number Larger amount of information can be stored on the smart card Disabled people may find it easier than signing Reduces conflicts about validity of signature during Point of Sale transactions Saves time at checkout Not affected by magnetic fields
18. Banking – Cheques Application of Batch Processing Cheques are collected together during the course of the day Cheques are then processed all at once, usually overnight Bank accounts updated the following morning No human intervention
19. Banking – EFT
20. Banking – EFT
21. Stock Control
22. Stock Control – who uses it?
23. Stock Control - Database
24. Stock Control - Database
25. Stock Control – How doesitwork? A supermarket uses POS terminals at its checkouts. This enables stock levels to be updated automatically. The bar code on the product is read by the bar code reader. The bar code field in the data file is read record by record. Until a match is found with the entered bar code. The number in stock of the matching record is read. One is subtracted from the number in stock. The number in stock is compared with the re-order number. If it is equal to the re-order number then more goods are automatically reordered. The new value of number in stock is written back to the file