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Petroleum

Petroleum. Energy Systems with Dr. Mihir Sen By Jeff Ulrich , Spring 2012. Outline. Historical Chemistry Formation Extraction Refining Miscellaneous. Historical: Ancient. “Rock Oil” in Greek Four thousand years Waterproofing agent Asphalt as mortar China: 347 C.E . (800 ft)

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Petroleum

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  1. Petroleum Energy Systems with Dr. MihirSen By Jeff Ulrich, Spring 2012

  2. Outline • Historical • Chemistry • Formation • Extraction • Refining • Miscellaneous

  3. Historical: Ancient • “Rock Oil” in Greek • Four thousand years • Waterproofing agent • Asphalt as mortar • China: 347 C.E. (800 ft) • Produce salt • Waterproof plastic • Natural springs in PA

  4. Historical: Modern • 1840: James Young, Scotland • 1859: Edwin Drake, PA • 1870: Rockefeller, Standard Oil

  5. Chemistry • Hydrocarbon chains (1-40) • 1-4 are gaseous at S.T.P. • Alkanes (Paraffins) • Cycloalkanes (Napthenes) • Aromatics (Unsaturated)

  6. Formation • Marine plankton and algae • Sedimentary Rock • Heat and pressure form kerogen • Catagenesis • 100,000 years 1. Source Rock 2. Reservoir Rock 3. Cap Rock

  7. Extraction • Seismic survey • Drilling (5-50” diameter) • Mud • Lifetime: primary, secondary, tertiary • Economic Limit

  8. Refining: Distillation

  9. Refining • 100,000+ barrels per day • Reforming & Cracking • Coking • Alkylation • Isomerization • Treatment

  10. Product Uses • Kerosene • Diesel • Gasoline • Pharmaceuticals • Plastics • Fertilizers • Solvents • Lubricants • Asphalt • Coke

  11. Miscellaneous Composition by weight Paraffins 30% Naphthenes 49% Aromatics 15% Asphaltics 6% World Reservoirs

  12. Miscellaneous • Wildcat wells • 1996: $3.7 billion on corrosion • “High Octane” • Tar Sands • Up/Mid/Down-Stream • OPEC

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