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Petroleum

Petroleum. Organic Chemistry. Organic Chemistry Used to be considered chemistry of living things (or things that were once living … like petroleum)

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Petroleum

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  1. Petroleum Organic Chemistry

  2. Organic ChemistryUsed to be considered chemistry of living things (or things that were once living… like petroleum) • Since it has been demonstrated that organic compounds can be synthesized in laboratories we now just say that Organic chemistry is the Chemistry of Hydrocarbon compounds • Examples: petroleum, medicines, plastics, plants and animals…... (including YOU!!)

  3. More than 90% of all known compounds contain Carbon (although it accounts for only 0.2% of the earth’s crust composition) • Over 6,000,000 organic compounds have been identified – and thatnumber is increasing daily with the synthesis of new compounds in labs

  4. Hydrocarbons : simplest organic compounds containing only C and H atoms with “Carbon backbones” that are inherent to organic compounds

  5. HOW DO YOU KNOW HOW C’s and H’s WILL GET TOGETHER TO FORM HYDROCARBONS? • The Octet Rule says that everybody (except H and He) wants to have 8 outer shell electrons, Carbon has only 4 (it’s glass is both half empty and half full) – so instead of giving or taking electrons (Ionic bonding) it SHARES electrons – A.K.A Covalent Bonding forms Molecular compounds – (organic stuff!)

  6. We write Lewis Dot Structures to show the sharing of electrons, and thus formation of bonds between atoms in Covalent compounds • First get the number of outer shell electrons from the Group # on Periodic table • Arrange electrons (dots) so that there is one dot on each of 4 sides of elements symbol, only double them up as pairs when you have more than 4 • On the sides of the symbol where there is only 1 electron you will need to create a bond with another element to have a shared pair of electrons

  7. When Carbon shares electrons to fulfill it’s outer shell – it needs to share with other atoms to get 4 more electrons – so it needs to make 4 bonds • Hydrogen needs to make 1 bond • Oxygen needs to make 2 bonds • Nitrogen needs to make 3 bonds • Carbon needs to make 4 bonds HONC HONC!!

  8. A shared pair of electrons between 2 atoms is a bond, and the 2 dots representing the bond can be replaced by a line connecting the atoms – this is called a Structural formula

  9. Can also writeMOLECULAR FORMULASthat do not show the individual bonds: • Expanded Molecular Formulastill shows how atoms are arranged: • 2, propanol = CH3CH(OH)CH3 • Condensed Molecular Formula just shows the number of each atom: • 2, propanol = C3H8O Molecular modeling

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