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Wind Power for the North Shore

Wind Power for the North Shore. Sponsored by HealthLink Thru funding provided by the Massachusetts Technology Collaborative (MTC). How many people here use Electricity? Are any of you living off the “grid”? Then we are all part of the problem and can be part of the solutions!.

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Wind Power for the North Shore

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  1. Wind Power for the North Shore Sponsored by HealthLink Thru funding provided by the Massachusetts Technology Collaborative (MTC)

  2. How many people here use Electricity? • Are any of you living off the “grid”? • Then we are all part of the problem and can be part of the solutions! • Every time you plug in & turn on, you are accessing energy- but at what costs?

  3. Energy Use Community Health Environmental Human Rights Global Repercussions A Matter of Balance

  4. Energy Use • Where does your power come from? • How does that power use impact your environment?

  5. Where do your get your energy? Mass Electric Disclosure Label

  6. US Energy Facts • US consumes 26% of World BTU consumption • US causes 24% of CO2 emissions • Renewable Sources provide 4.5% of Energy World wide US Power Sources Source:

  7. 2004 U.S. Electricity Generation UCSUSA: Source: EIA, 2004.

  8. What are the projected future power needs? • Is it going up or down? • How will that demand be met?

  9. What are the options to meet that need? • Energy Efficiency • New Power Generation • Power Stations • Distributed Generators • Individual Home Power Generation • Limited Scope: • Energy Efficiency • Power Generation from Fossil Fuels • Nuclear • Are we ready to support? • Home Generation • Costly

  10. Existing and New EE Strategies Can Offset ISO Forecasted Energy Requirements (GWH) and Beyond 150,000 ISO GWh Forecast (w/out DSM) 1.2% Avg. Annual Increase at 145,000 140,000 135,000 Addt'l EE Can Offset Growth 130,000 Actual Energy Requirement (2003) 125,000 GWh 120,000 115,000 Total Achievable Energy Savings Potential Total EE -1.38% Avg. Annual Reduction 110,000 Potential in 2013 Can 105,000 Reduce Energy Req. to 1993 Level 100,000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 How Much EE is Needed to Offset Forecasted Load Growth in New England? 16,500 GWH _Savings Source: NEEP

  11. What impacts does each other option have? • Fossil Fuels – Mining, Delivery, Air Emissions, Waste • Nuclear – Waste, Safety • Hydro – limited availability Global Warming And Toxic Waste VS. Renewables

  12. Burning Fossil Fuels Greenhouse Gas Emissions Air Pollution Global Warming Asthma Attacks Other Respiratory Illnesses Premature Death from Lung and Heart Diseases Heat-Related Deaths Infectious Diseases Injuries from Extreme Weather Events Allergies

  13. In case you have any doubts about Climate Change… • Three warmest years on record have all occurred since 1998; • 19 of the warmest 20 since 1980. Fine particle pollution from power plants shortens the lives of 340 of Massachusetts’ residents each year. – per EPA Courtesy of Sally Wright - MREL

  14. Temperature trend for Earth over the past 140 years SPM 1a Courtesy of NE Aquarium Global Warming Presentation

  15. Temperature trend over the past 1000 years SPM 1b

  16. Temperature trend over the past 420,000 years Source: Petit et al., 1999, Nature 399, p. 429-346. Courtesy of NE Aquarium Global Warming Presentation

  17. Not much has changed…

  18. What Difference Do the State and the Region Make? • MA state-wide emissions are comparable to the total emissions of whole countries (i.e. Portugal, Egypt, Austria, or Greece). • If the New England/ Eastern CA Region was classified as a country, it would be the 12th largest emitter of GHG in the world. • With Northeast = 3rd Largest World Economy with 14% of the US GHG Emissions and 3.2% of World GHG Emissions ( Germany) Courtesy of Sonia Hamel

  19. What are the alternatives?

  20. What is Renewable Energy: Sources for Electricity • Sunlight: PV • Wind • Biomass • Landfill gas • Hydro • Ocean: • Waves • Ocean currents • Tides • Renewable, • but not for Electricity in MA: • Solar Thermal • Geothermal • Not renewable sources: • Hydrogen • -Storage • -Use Nat.Gas off-site • Fuel Cells • -Premium power • -Way of using H2 Courtesy of Sally Wright - MREL

  21. Where does Renewable Energy fit? • What is the Country doing? • What is the Region doing? • What is the State doing? • What can be done on a local level?

  22. Massachusetts Approach: Integrate Policies across Programs • Modernize the Power System • 4 Pollutant Regulations require 10% CO2 reduction on the 6 major power plants • Renewable Energy Portfolio Standards: we have added 100 MW new renewables in first year and will add approx. 600 MW by 2009 • Investing $17M in renewable energy for state facilities • State investing $173M in renewable energy and over $150M annually in energy efficiency • Regional goal to reduce GHG from the Power Sector by 20% by 2025 (energy intensity target) Courtesy Sonia Hamel

  23. Massachusetts Requires Renewables • Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) • Retail electricity sales must include new renewable power • Jan 2003: 1% (450 million kWh) • + ½ % /yr at least until 2009: 4% (1,986 GWh) • Increases value of wind electricity • Utilities have to buy “green tags” • “renewable energy credits” (REC’s) • 14 states have an RPS • More in planning Courtesy of Sally Wright - MREL

  24. So why Wind? • Biomass: not enough • Hydro: sites are taken • Landfill: important, but limited sites • Ocean: Not yet feasible in MA • PV: 5-25 x cost of wind •  Wind

  25. Quick Audience Survey • What do you know about wind turbines? • How many of you have seen a wind turbine? • How many have seen the Hull, MA wind turbine? • How well informed do you feel about the pros and cons of wind turbines?

  26. Cost of all Renewables is Falling Courtesy of Sally Wright - MREL

  27. Wind is Growing Quickly32% per year* • Installed Capacity, end of 2003: 1. Germany: 14,609 MW 2. U.S.: 6,374 MW 3. Spain: 6,202 MW 4. Denmark: 3,110 MW 5. India: 2,110 MW *5-year average Courtesy of Sally Wright - MREL

  28. WIND ENERGY The world's fastestgrowing source of energy A clean and renewable source of electric power There are over 40,000 Wind turbines worldwide with over 15,000 in the United States alone – and growing daily TOTAL INSTALLED U.S. WIND ENERGY CAPACITY as of Jan 22, 2004 was 6,374 MW Courtesy Bob Tina

  29. Wind Power Today: Scale • “Small” Wind • 1-30 kW • Net-metered • Sized for the load • Medium • Usually matched to a large load • Large • 660 kW – 2 MW + • Grid- connected • Normally not sized to a load Courtesy of Sally Wright - MREL

  30. How much is 1 MW ? An average U.S. household uses about 10,000 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity each year. A 1.8-MW turbine can produce more than 5.2 million kWh in a year or — enough to power more than 500 households Courtesy Bob Tina

  31. Wind Power Today: Scale - Height • Hub height : 160’ - 260’ • Blade tip : 240’ - 390’ Courtesy of Sally Wright - MREL

  32. Wind Power Today: How it works • Wind turns blades • Blades turn generator • Generator converts rotational energy to electricity Courtesy of Sally Wright - MREL

  33. Benefits of Wind for you and your town • Let’s talk $$$ • Pollution • Health • Security “Wind Power can Fund Schools”

  34. Community Wind: Economics Summary • Revenue Source • Pay-back • Three “income streams” • Sell kWh • Sell REC’s • Tax credit or REPI - Renewable Energy Production Incentive Courtesy of Sally Wright - MREL

  35. Economics -How do you make money with electricity? • Example: a Vestas V47, 6.8 m/s • Then pay for maintenance, operation & insurance - and equipment • If cost was $770,000  about 5-7 years simple payback Courtesy of Sally Wright - MREL

  36. Describing Energy: Marginal Emissions Rateanother “unit of energy” • New England Power Pool • (NEPOOL / ISO) • Annual marginal average, 2002 • SO2: 3.27 lbs/MWh • NOx: 1.12 lbs/MWh • CO2: 1337.8 lbs/MWh • E.g. Hull, 660 kW @ 28% CF • SO2: 5,300 lbs • NOx: 1,800 lbs • CO2: 1,100 tons. Courtesy of Sally Wright - MREL

  37. Emissions Associated With Fossil Fuels Wind has 0 Emissions Courtesy Bob Tina

  38. Same Picture - With and Without Pollution Courtesy Bob Tina

  39. Health Effects NOTE: THIS SLIDE WILL BE MODIFED TO REFLECT EXPECTED HEALTH BENEFITS OF A TYPICAL WIND TURBINE • Harvard School of Public Health Study of Brayton Point and Salem Harbor Plants, 2000 New Massachusetts Power Plant Air Pollution Regulations would decrease Mortality & Morbidity by… * Assumes Plant does all reductions on site vs. trading offsets

  40. Security • Begin to reduce foreign dependencies • No risk during “transportation” of “fuel” • No waste that can be dangerous • Not an attractive target – • wouldn’t take power off line, • wouldn’t have any additional repercussions.

  41. Impacts of Wind PowerAvoided Impacts • Environmental • Health • Security Sources: Armed escorts of LNG tanker into Boston harbor: Globe. Asthma inhaler: Sierra Club. Oiled water fowl: Anchorage Daily News. Courtesy of Sally Wright - MREL

  42. The other side of the balance • Impacts of Wind: • View • Birds • Noise • Eco-Disturbance • Ice Shed • Other

  43. View • Daytime: • Change of View • Historical View • Shadow Flicker • Nightime: • FAA required Lighting

  44. Birds • What causes the least amount of bird deaths? • Vehicles • Wind turbines • Power lines • Buildings and windows • How many birds are killed from current power generation methods? • Other “Accepted” practices • Wind turbines As many as half a million birds died in the Exxon Valdez oil spill.

  45. Annual Human-induced Avian Deaths UCSUSA: Source: NWCC, 2001

  46. Views can be simulated prior to installation

  47. Impacts of Wind Power:Property Values • In-depth study • “The Effect of Wind Development on Local Property Values” • 25,000 property transactions • In view shed of wind projects • Compared to similar sites • No evidence of reduced value • full report: www.repp.org (http://www.repp.org/articles/static/1/binaries/wind_online_final.pdf)

  48. Eco-Disturbance • During Construction & Installation • Habitat disturbance • Debris/Risk of Spills • During Operation • Habitat modification

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