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SOUTH ASIA II

SOUTH ASIA II. (CHAPTER 8: 394-425). KEY CONCEPTS APPLICABLE TO THE REALM. CENTRIPETAL - CENTRIFUGAL FORCES FORWARD CAPITAL ISLAMABAD IRREDENTISM PATHANS (OR PASHTUNS) OF PAKISTAN RELATED TO PEOPLES OF CENTRAL AFGHANISTAN FEDERAL SYSTEM ADOPTED BY INDIA IN 1947

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SOUTH ASIA II

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  1. SOUTH ASIA II (CHAPTER 8: 394-425)

  2. KEY CONCEPTS APPLICABLE TO THE REALM • CENTRIPETAL - CENTRIFUGAL FORCES • FORWARD CAPITAL • ISLAMABAD • IRREDENTISM • PATHANS (OR PASHTUNS) OF PAKISTAN RELATED TO PEOPLES OF CENTRAL AFGHANISTAN • FEDERAL SYSTEM • ADOPTED BY INDIA IN 1947 • PROVIDES REGIONS AND PEOPLES WITH SOME AUTONOMY AND IDENTITY

  3. 1931 MUSLIMS IN INDIA 1991 1951

  4. ISLAM Monotheistic No idols One sacred book Uniform dogma - 5 pillars Intolerant (of other religions) Eat beef/Sacrifice cows Bury Dead Social Equality (in theory) Theocratic society HINDUISM Polytheistic Many idols Various sacred writings Varying beliefs Absorbed other religions Venerate cows Burn dead (& alive) Caste separation “State” of secondary importance RELIGIOUS CONTRASTS

  5. KASHMIR • INDEPENDENCE & PARTITION • JAMMU & KASHMIR FACED WITH THE CHOICE OF JOINING EITHER HINDU INDIA OR MUSLIM PAKISTAN • KASHMIR – HINDU MAHARAJA BUT MUSLIM POPULATION • 1947 – PAKISTANI TRIBESMEN INVADE • MAHARAJA FLEES TO DELHI AND ACCEDES TO INDIA • INDIAN TROOPS MOVE IN – PAKISTANI REFULARS JOIN IN • JANUARY 1949 – U.N. CEASE FIRE • 1980-88 MUSLIM EXTREMISTS CONTINUE INSURGENCY

  6. PAKISTAN (AT PARTITION) India WestPakistan EastPakistan

  7. POPULATION GEOGRAPHY • THE SPATIAL VIEW OF DEMOGRAPHY • STUDY OF POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, COMPOSITION, RATES OF GROWTH, AND PATTERNS OF FLOW • POPULATION DENSITY (INDIA) • ARITHMETIC- 904/sq mi • PHYSIOLOGIC- 1,615/sq mi (US=415/sq mi) • KEY MEASURES • RATE OF NATURAL INCREASE • DOUBLING TIME

  8. POPULATION PROFILES INDIA JAPAN AGE MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE 70+ 60-69 50-59 40-49 30-39 20-29 10-19 0-9 30 15 0 15 30 20 10 0 10 20 Percent of Population Percent of Population

  9. POPULATION DENSITY World Average = 117/mi2 36 Pacific 315 Southeast Asia SoutheastAsia EastAsia 341 865 South Asia SouthAsia Subsaharan Africa SubsaharanAfrica 82 52 N. Africa/S.W. Asia N. Africa/S.W. Asia 53 South America SouthAmerica 176 Middle America MiddleAmerica 7.6 Austral 874 Japan Japan 42 NorthAmerica North America Russia Russia 22 265 Europe Europe 0 400 600 800 1000 200 Realm People per square mile

  10. POPULATION DENSITY

  11. POPULATION GROWTH

  12. DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL

  13. POPULATION DENSITY COMPARISON United States - Bangladesh UNITED STATES 77people/ sqmile BANGLADESH 133,000,000 50,300 2,644people/ sqmile

  14. GREEN REVOLUTION • THE SUCCESSFUL DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER YIELD, FAST-GROWING VARIETIES OF RICE AND OTHER CEREALS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES • INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAM-1960s • FOCUSED ON THE FOOD CRISES • INCREASED PRODUCTION PER UNIT AREA VIA: • MIRACLE CROPS • NEW IRRIGATION SYSTEMS • INTENSIVE USE OF FERTILIZERS

  15. TARGETED AREAS

  16. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT(INDIA) • LEVELS OF DEVELOPMENT (TECHNOLOGY) • A MIXTURE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE FARMING AND MODERN AGRICULTURE • HANDICRAFTS, OLD AND NEW BRANCHES OF INDUSTRY • A MULTITUDE OF SUPPORT SERVICES AND NUCLEAR POWER

  17. INDIA’S GREAT CITIES • MUMBAI(BOMBAY)- 19.4 MILLION • ACHIEVED “PRIMACY” BASED ON ITS SITUATION (SUEZ CANAL) • KOLKATA (CALCUTTA)- 13.5 MILLION • 500,000 HOMELESS • FORMER BRITISH COLONIAL CAPITAL- 1772 • ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY PARTITION • DELHI (NEW AND OLD)- 13.6 MILLION • BRITISH AND INDIAN SEAT OF GOVERNMENT

  18. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT(BANGLADESH) • LEVELS OF DEVELOPMENT (TECHNOLOGY) • ONE OF THE WORLD’S POOREST AND LEAST DEVELOPED STATES • ECONOMY IS OVERWHELMINGLY AGRICULTURAL • CULTIVATION OF RICE IS THE SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT ACTIVITY IN THE ECONOMY.

  19. BANGLADESH • INDEPENDENT SINCE 1971 • FORMERLY EAST PAKISTAN • 85% MUSLIM, 12% HINDU • 133 MILLION PEOPLE • PHYSIOLOGIC DENSITY = 3,622/sq mi • 1.9% ANNUAL GROWTH RATE • PER CAPITA GNP = 350 US DOLLARS • NATURAL HAZARDS - CYCLONES

  20. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT(PAKISTAN) • LEVELS OF DEVELOPMENT (TECHNOLOGY) • A POOR COUNTRY THAT SUPPORTS A LARGE MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT • ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION BEGAN IN 1990 TO BOOST FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC PRIVATE INVESTMENT.

  21. SRI LANKA • INDEPENDENT SINCE 1948 • 19.7 MILLION PEOPLE (70% BUDDHISTS) • PLANTATION AGRICULTURE: • TEA, RUBBER, COCONUTS • SOUTH (MAJORITY OF POPULATION) • ARYAN • BUDDHISTS • SPEAK SINHALA (INDO-EUROPEAN) • NORTH (18% OF THE POPULATION) • DRAVIDIAN • HINDU • TAMIL LANGUAGE

  22. SRI LANKA • Sinhalese vs Tamils • Tamils - demanded equal rights in: -- education -- employment -- landownership -- linguistic & politicalrepresentation • Insurgent State • LTTE - Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam

  23. SOUTH ASIA II (CHAPTER 8: 394-425)

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