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Methylene Blue and Hemoglobin

Chemical Mysteries in the ER Tim Graham Roosevelt H.S. Chemistry Wyandotte, Michigan 48192 tsgraham@hotmail.com grahamt@wy.k12.mi.us (734) 759-5214 http://grahamt48192.tripod.com/mstansta/. Methylene Blue and Hemoglobin. + methemoglobin. Methylene Blue (colorless).

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Methylene Blue and Hemoglobin

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  1. Chemical Mysteries in the ERTim GrahamRoosevelt H.S. ChemistryWyandotte, Michigan 48192tsgraham@hotmail.comgrahamt@wy.k12.mi.us(734) 759-5214http://grahamt48192.tripod.com/mstansta/

  2. Methylene Blue and Hemoglobin + methemoglobin Methylene Blue (colorless) Methylene Blue (blue) + hemoglobin *methylene blue plays the role of diaphorase enzyme in converting methemoglobin to hemoglobin. Side effect… blue pee!

  3. *note conjugation across the ring system in methylene blue *leuco form lacks conjugation.

  4. Hemoglobin Cycles O2 Hemoglobin Oxyhemoglobin Hb( Fe2+ ) Hb(Fe2+) * O2 diaphorase Methemoglobin Hb(Fe3+) 15:10-15:57 17:56-19:57

  5. NADH Diaphorase • MB ER Clip#2

  6. Solubility of Cl1- vs. F1- 5:35-6:10 7:53-8:49 10:05-12:25 37:45-39:43

  7. Demineralization of Teeth Enamel • Enamel…Calcium hydroxyapatite • Ca5(PO4)3OH(s) becomes more soluble in an acid environment (stomach acid) • Calcium fluoroapatite… is a harder form of enamel (fluoride toothpastes and treated water. acid Ca5(PO4)3OH(s) 5 Ca 2+(aq) + 3 PO43-(aq) +OH1-(aq) 23:44-24:20 26:45-27:30 30:40- 31:24

  8. Fluoridation… Colorado Brown Stain “Fluorosis” • Gerald J. Cox • -initiated public fluoridation of drinking • water, Grand Rapids,Michigan, 1945. • Today, 43 of 50 largest U.S. cities have • fluoridated water at 0.7-1.2 ppm. (CDC)

  9. Fluoride and Forensics…In The News! • Senior researchers from Tennessee's Oak Ridge National Laboratory will search for fluorinated hydrocarbon compounds, one of the approximately 400 types of volatile organic compounds emitted by human bodies during decomposition. It is believed that these compounds are formed as the fluoride added to urban drinking water is released after death. “Helter Skelter” Murders, 1969. Barker Ranch Charles Manson

  10. 994 Chemicals found in Cigarettes: A Great Lesson in Organic Nomenclature!Acetanisole; Acetic Acid; Acetoin; Acetophenone; 6-Acetoxydihydrotheaspirane;2-Acetyl-3- Ethylpyrazine; 2-Acetyl-5-Methylfuran; Acetylpyrazine; 2-Acetylpyridine;3-Acetylpyridine; 2-Acetylthiazole; Aconitic Acid; dl-Alanine; Alfalfa Extract; Allspice Extract;Oleoresin; Oleoresin Oil; Allyl Hexanoate; Allyl Ionone; Almond Bitter Oil;Ambergris Tincture; Ammonia; Ammonium Bicarbonate; Ammonium Hydroxide;Ammonium Phosphate Dibasic; Ammonium Sulfide; Amyl Alcohol; Amyl Butyrate;Amyl Formate; Amyl Octanoate; alpha-Amylcinnamaldehyde; Amyris Oil; trans-Anethole;Angelica Root Extract; Oil and Seed Oil; Anise; Anise Star Extract and Oils; Anisyl AcetateAnisyl Alcohol; Anisyl Formate; Anisyl Phenylacetate; Apple Juice Concentrate/ExtractandSkins; Apricot Extract & Juice Concentrate; 1-Arginine; Asafetida Fluid Extract And Oil; Ascorbic Acid;1-Asparagine Monohydrate; 1-Aspartic Acid; These are just the ones that start with “A”

  11. Ethanol is the preferred substrate for alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme Ethanol When the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme metabolizes the ethylene glycol, calcium oxalate crystals form. 7:50-9:05 10:50-11:43 13:30-14:22

  12. ADH…Alcohol dehydrogenase is our primary defense against alcohol, a toxic molecule that depresses the nervous system. High concentrations of alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver and stomach detoxify about approximately one ounce of liquor per hour. The alcohol is converted to acetaldehyde by the oxidation of NAD+ to NADH. Acetaldehyde is even more toxic to the body than ethanol. The body quickly convertes the acetaldehyde into acetate and other molecules that are easily utilized by the cell.

  13. Hydrogen Bonding…

  14. DNA… 4:00-4:28 9:08-10:00 11:10-12:20 19:50-21:18

  15. RDS…Respiratory Distress Syndrome Polar Head Nonpolar Tail Dipalmitoyllecithin (Surfactant) 4:00-4:26 9:08-10:00 11:10-12:20 19:50-21:18

  16. Lung Surfactant… Dipalmitoyllecithin Exosurf

  17. Van der Waals Forces!

  18. Huffing • Toluene (metallic paints) Spray paints are often used as inhalants. Silver, gold, and clear spray paints are often used to get high. Metallic colors of paints are preferred by users because of their high concentration of toluene, the ingredient in the paint that produces the "high." • Butane Used to refill cigarette lighters. • Butyl Nitrate Butyl Nitrate is a substance sold in "head shops" as room deodorizer. • Whippets Whippets are metal canisters that contain Nitrous oxide used to charge whip cream dispensers.

  19. Water Intoxication 23:43-24:36 29:52-30:10

  20. Sports Drinks • Water • Electrolytes • Carbs

  21. Pepper Spray…The Chemistry of Personal Protection. 9:59-11:10 12:28-13:11

  22. Carbon Monoxide Edgar Allen Poe’s drooping eye and sagging mouth are tell-tale signs of carbon monoxide poisoning.

  23. Wilson’s Disease Wilson’s Disease results from the liver’s inability to excrete excess copper. Copper then accumulates in the liver (leading to cirrhosis or fulminant hepatic failure) and in the brain (leading to neurological or psychiatric disturbances). Penicillamine (chelating agent)

  24. Blue #1 Azo Dyes Yellow #5 Red #40

  25. 500 nm 630nm

  26. Lindane: Head lice Treatment

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