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Self-Regulation

Self-Regulation. September 23rd, 2009 : Lecture 4. Schematic Processing. Classic example from last lecture:. Lecture Overview. Self-regulation: Overview Delay of Gratification Self-regulatory Strategies Cost of Self-control. Self-Regulation.

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Self-Regulation

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  1. Self-Regulation • September 23rd, 2009 : Lecture 4

  2. Schematic Processing • Classic example from last lecture:

  3. Lecture Overview • Self-regulation: Overview • Delay of Gratification • Self-regulatory Strategies • Cost of Self-control

  4. Self-Regulation • The strategies used to control (regulate) your behaviour • Pursuit of a long-term goal • Monitor your response to environmental stimuli

  5. Delay of Gratification • The ability to forgo an immediate reward for a larger, future reward

  6. Delay of Gratification • Mischel (1966), aka “The Bing Study” • Method:

  7. Delay of Gratification

  8. Delay of Gratification • Later in life, those who can delay gratification: • Higher verbal and math SAT scores • Parents: • Better able to concentrate • Better able to cope with frustration and stress • Parents and teachers: • Greater cognitive and social competence ratings

  9. Self-Regulatory Strategies • Self-Distancing • Emotion Regulation

  10. iClicker A B Self-Distancing • How do you recall negative emotional events? • Self-immersed perspective • Recall event in the first-person (i.e., from the perspective of your own eyes) • Self-distanced perspective • Recall event in the third-person (i.e., from the perspective of an observer)

  11. Self-Distancing • Ayduk & Kross (2008) • Method: 90 participants

  12. Self-Distancing • Ayduk & Kross (2008) • Results: Emotional Intensity

  13. Self-Distancing • Ayduk & Kross (2008) • Results: Blood Pressure

  14. Emotion Regulation • Self-regulation specific to the control of emotional experience

  15. How Do You Control Your Emotions? Strongly Disagree Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 • I control my emotions by changing the way I think about the situation I’m in. • I control my emotion by not expressing them. • When I want to feel less negative emotion, I change the way I’m thinking about the situation. • When I am feeling negative emotions, I make sure not to express them. • When I want to feel more positive emotion, I change what I’m thinking about. • I keep my emotions to myself.

  16. How Do You Control Your Emotions? Strongly Disagree Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 • I control my emotions by changing the way I think about the situation I’m in. • I control my emotion by not expressing them. • When I want to feel less negative emotion, I change the way I’m thinking about the situation. • When I am feeling negative emotions, I make sure not to express them. • When I want to feel more positive emotion, I change what I’m thinking about. • I keep my emotions to myself.

  17. Iclicker: Self-Regulation • A = Higher Score to Odd-Numbered Items • B = Higher Score to Even-Numbered Items • C = Essentially equal (within 2 points of each other)

  18. Response-focused Antecedent-focused Emotion Regulation • 3 Primary Strategies: • Suppression • Reappraisal • Situation Selection

  19. Suppression • Inhibiting emotion-expressive behaviour while emotionally aroused

  20. Reappraisal • Interpreting potentially emotion-relevant stimuli in unemotional terms

  21. Reappraisal and Suppression • Gross (1998) • Method: 120 participants

  22. Reappraisal and Suppression • Gross (1998) • Results: Observer-rated disgust

  23. Reappraisal and Suppression • Gross (1998) • Results: Blood to peripheries (Finger Pulse Amp.)

  24. Reappraisal and Suppression • Gross (1998) • Results: Finger temperature

  25. Reappraisal and Suppression • Gross (1998) • Results: Skin conductance level

  26. Emotion Regulation • 3 Primary Strategies: • Suppression • Reappraisal • Situation Selection Requires a Lot of Effort Requires Relatively Little Effort

  27. Cost of Self-Regulation • Inzlicht & Gutsell (2007) • Method: 40 UTSC students

  28. Cost of Self-Regulation • Inzlicht & Gutsell (2007) • Results: Stroop Effect

  29. Cost of Self-Regulation • Inzlicht & Gutsell (2007) • Results: Error-related Negativity

  30. Scope of Self-Regulatory Costs • Self-regulation in one domain affects ability to exert control on subsequent tasks in another domain

  31. Scope of Self-Regulatory Costs • Baumeister, Bratslavsky, Muraven, & Tice (1998) • Methods:

  32. Scope of Self-Regulatory Costs • Baumeister, Bratslavsky, Muraven, & Tice (1998) • Results:

  33. 4 Oreos Are Better than 2 • Next Lecture (9/25): • Perceiving and Predicting Others • Related Websites: • PSYBlog - Improve your self-control: • http://www.spring.org.uk/2008/09/how-to-improve-your-self-control.php • O Magazine - Self-distancing: • http://www.oprah.com/article/omagazine/200810_omag_distance

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