North-South Gap

1. North-South Gap

3. North-South Gap • More Developed County (MDC) – Previously referred to as the First World. Wealthy developed countries • Least Developed Country (LDC) –Previously referred to as the Third World – Economically poor underdeveloped countries • Landlocked developing countries (LLDC) – developing countries that are landlocked.

4. North-South Gap The divide between North and South is not based on geography, but is based on a socio-economic and political division.

5. Map of world poverty by country, as of 2009 showing percentage of population living on less than $1.25 per day. Unfortunately, information is missing for some countries.

6. Characteristics of the North Economic Development Industrialization Advancements in technology Economy based on industry High living standard High life expectancy High levels of education and employment

7. Members of the North • Bermuda, Canada, United States, Hong Kong, Israel, Japan, Macau, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Hungary, Latvia, Lichtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Vatican City, Australia, New Zealand

8. Characteristics of the South (LDC/LLDC) • Lack of Development • Previously colonized countries • Support from international aid agendas • Many economies based on agriculture • Lacking living standards • Low life expectancy • Low levels of educational and employment success

9. LDC Criteria Criteria comes from the UN Office of the High Representative for Least Developed Countries & Landlocked Developing Countries Poverty - a low-income criterion, based on a three-year average estimate of the gross national income (GNI) per capita

10. LDC Criteria Human Resource Weakness: based on indicators of: (a) nutrition; (b) health; (c) education; and (d) adult literacy Economic Vulnerability: the instability of agricultural production; the instability of exports of goods and services; merchandise export concentration; and the handicap of economic smallness

11. LDCLeast Developed Country • Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Niger, Rwanda, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Togo, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Kiribati, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Nepal, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Yemen, Haiti

12. LLDC Landlocked Developing Country Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Ethiopia, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Rwanda, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Afghanistan, Bhutan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Mongolia, Nepal, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Macedonia, Moldova, Bolivia, Paraguay

13. What is development? • The Dictionary of Human Geography defines development as “processes of social change or a change to class and state projects to transform national economies“. • Think of it as a measure of progress in a specific economy.

14. Development Continuum Gap • New name for the North-South Gap: Development Continuum Gap • Purpose: to close the very real gap between the North countries (more economically developed) and the South countries (less economically developed countries)

15. Unit Topics • Unequal World • Colonialism • Poverty • Globalization • Government Organizations (World Bank, IMF) • Multinational Corporations • Non-governmental Organizations • Millennium Goals • Global Epidemic of HIV/AIDS • Water – A Common Concern • Blood Diamond • Unit Project • Unit Test

16. Did you know? Twenty-five percent (25 %) of the world's people have: • 85% of the world's energy consumption • 83 % of the world's GNP • 94 % of the world's health expenditure • 70 % of the world's grain • 89% of the world's education spending • 82 % of the world's industry • 95 % of the world's science and technology

17. Did you know? • In 1900 the average person in the North had four (4) times as much as a person in the South • In 1970 - only seventy years later- the ratio was forty to one (40:1). That is, the average person in the North had forty times as much as a person in the South.

18. Did you know? • Between the 1980's and the present, a five percent pay raise for a professional (Dentist, Lawyer, Doctor, etc.) in Canada would be greater than many workers could expect in a hundred years in the South.

19. Where do you fit in? • Lets find out how you contribute to the gap every day! • Before You've Finished Breakfast...You Have Depended on half of the world.

20. Interconnectedness Assignment • Use an atlas to discover the interconnectedness of your kitchen, bedroom or morning routine to the rest of the world. Investigate this by: • a) Make a list of products you use at home on a daily basis. Ex: toothpaste, shampoo, toilet paper, cereal, juice, etc • b) At home, check where the products and household goods you relied on were manufactured or made. • c) In class tomorrow you will be given time to identify where these countries are located in an atlas. • Use your world map to link these connections. Create a list of products and their country of origin on the back of your map. • Worth 15 points  Due Wednesday at the start of class!