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This brief introduction covers the definition, characteristics, and significance of international human rights, including their relation to constitutional rights. It highlights key landmarks and documents, explores the variety of human rights norms, and delves into perennial questions surrounding sovereignty, guarantees, enforcement, and the role of civil society.
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International Human Rights:A Very Brief Introduction David Kaye UCLA School of Law HRW Training of Trainers Workshop August 6, 2009
What are international human rights? • What makes something human? A right? What makes it an international right? • Naturally inhere in humans, regardless of law? • Aspirational? Legal and binding? • How do they differ from constitutional rights? • Internationally recognized? • Enforceable?
A Few Landmarks • The Atlantic Charter and the four freedoms • Nuremberg Trials • Universal Declaration of Human Rights • Genocide Convention • Geneva Conventions • Refugee Convention • International Covenants • CEDAW, CERD, Rights of the Child, CRPD
The variety of human rights norms • Security, integrity and autonomy of the person • Individual freedom of identity (e.g., expression, association, religion, political participation, social and cultural) • Non-discrimination in the exercise of rights • Economic security and freedom • Protection of civilians and non-combatants during war
Perennial Questions • Sovereignty versus Rights • Guarantees versus widespread adherence • Universalism versus regionalism • What applies in times of war? • Enforcement of binding norms • The Role of Civil Society