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Human Factors and Older Driver Cognition

Human Factors Engineering Psychology. FocusDesigning systems to better fit human capabilitiesObjectivesIdentification of older driver capabilitiesAge alone is a poor predictor of driving performanceObservation of driving behavior, perception

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Human Factors and Older Driver Cognition

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    1. Human Factors and Older Driver Cognition Delphine Cody Christopher Nowakowski

    2. Human Factors Engineering Psychology Focus Designing systems to better fit human capabilities Objectives Identification of older driver capabilities Age alone is a poor predictor of driving performance Observation of driving behavior, perception & performance Consideration of older driver needs in vehicle design Vision - larger fonts Motor Skills - bigger buttons with more spacing Identification of enabling technologies Ergonomics - Ingress/Egress Reducing driver errors by assisting perception, cognition, and decision making

    3. Task demands and age related issues in performance (Hakamies-Blomqvist, 1996)

    4. Perception - Difficulty Estimating Speed (Staplin, 1995)

    5. Attention & Cognition in Older Drivers Older drivers have more difficulty than younger drivers in complex situations Slow down in information processing (Salthouse, 1988) Difficulty in identifying relevant information (Hasher and Zacks, 1998) Increased difficulty in switching attention (Cerella, Poon, and Williams, 1980)

    6. Slowed Information Processing Example Understanding right of way (Staplin & Fisk, 1991) Decision Time Older drivers are slower than young driver (~0.5 sec) Decision time are longer when signs and signals are presented together vs. presented individually Understanding of message Go: ~ 80% No Go: ~ 55% Similar detection rates for young and elderly drivers Other similar studies (Williams et al, 1992) have found worse detection rates for older drivers

    7. Difficulty identifying relevant information (watch for the lane change)

    8. What happened? The driver insisted his actions were correct!

    9. Coping Strategies Avoidance or Reduction Avoid the use of cell phones while driving Avoiding driving results in a lack of mobility Lack of practice results in a degradation of skills Adaptation of driving behavior Driving slower Leaving more following distance Off-loading some driving workload to a passenger Technology? Navigation systems Night vision

    10. PATH Research Instrumented Vehicle

    11. PATH Research Instrumented Intersection

    12. Future Research Directions to Support Older Drivers Focused on cognitive issues and decision making What information to provide, how to provide it, and when to provide it? Intersection decision support Map out where drivers look as they approach an intersection comparing younger and older drivers What kinds of decision support can we provide to drivers to reduce crashes? Interface design of support and warning systems Collision warnings and avoidance Merging and lane change support ACC, lane assist, night vision and other technologies benefit from considering older drivers

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