MIGRATION TODAY

1. MIGRATION TODAY

2. BACKGROUND: WHAT IS A REFUGEE? • ITALY – national, local, school • ROUTES OF MIGRATION • LIBYA • CONCLUSION

3. WHAT IS A REFUGEE? REFUGEES, ALSO CALLED DISPLACED PEOPLE, HAVE BEEN FORCED TO LEAVE THEIR HOMES 'REFUGEE STATUS' ALLOWS MIGRANTS TO STAY IN A NEW COUNTRY

4. REFUGEES 2 A REFUGEE IS A PERSON WHO HAS LEFT HIS OR HER COUNTRY BECAUSE OF FEAR OF PERSECUTION FOR REASONS OF RACE, RELIGION, NATIONALITY, SOCIAL GROUP, POLITICAL OPINION 144 COUNTRIES SIGNED THE CONVENTION IN 1951 THE UNHCR IS THE U.N. BODY THAT GUARANTEES RIGHTS OF REFUGEES

5. REFUGEES 3 IN 2015 OVER ONE MILION PEOPLE ASKED FOR REFUGEE STATUS IN EUROPE IN 2016 OVER ONE MILIONE MORE ASKED FOR REFUGEE STATUS

6. REFUGEES 4 THERE ARE 65 MILION DISPLACED PEOPLE IN THE WORLD THE CAUSES ARE WARS AND HUNGER THE COUNTRIES WITH THE MOST DISPLACED PEOPLE ARE SYRIA, AFGHANISTAN, NIGERIA-CAMERON-NIGER-CHAD, SOUTH SUDAN, SOMALIA

7. ROUTES OF MIGRATION TO EUROPE THE EUROPEAN UNION HAS GIVEN TURKEY MONEY TO BLOCK THE MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE BY LAND THROUGH TURKEY THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA HAS BECOME AN EVEN MORE IMPORTANT ROUTE SINCE THEN ITALY IS VERY CLOSE TO NORTH AFRICA, IN PARTICULAR TO LIBYA AND TUNISIA PEOPLE BY LAND THROUGH TURKEY THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA HAS BECOME AN EVEN MORE IMPORTANT ROUTE SINCE THEN ITALY IS VERY CLOSE TO NORTH AFRICA, IN PARTICULAR TO LIBYA AND TUNISIA

9. ITALY 1 IN 2017 ITALY MADE NEW LAWS ABOUT MIGRANTS. PEOPLE SEEKING ASYLUM (REFUGEE STATUS) ARE MANAGED BY A GOVERNMENT SERVICE CALLED SPRAR: PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR ASYLUM SEEKERS AND REFUGEES. ALL OVER ITALY THERE ARE CENTRES TO HOST ASYYLUM SEEKERS ASYLUM SEEKERS MUST PROVE THAT THEY WILL BE PERSECUTED IF THEY RETURN TO THEIR HOME COUNTRY. PEOPLE WHO DO NOT HAVE REFUGEE STATUS ARE PUT IN CENTRES FROM WHERE THEY WILL BE SENT BACK TO THEIR COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN.

10. ITALY 2 A RECENT ITALIAN LAW DEFINES THE PROCEDURE FOR INTEGRATING ASYLUM SEEKERS, WITH EUROPEAN FUNDING HEALTH SERVICES EDUCATION HUMAN RIGHTS ITALIAN LANGUAGE COURSES ON ITALIAN CULTURE VOLUNTARY, USEFUL WORK ALMOST 200,000 PEOPLE ARE HOSTED IN THIS SYSTEM, INCLUDING 19,000 CHILDREN

11. ITALY 3 ASYLUM SEEKERS ARE DISTRIBUTED IN CENTRES ALL OVER ITALY. THE LOCAL OFFICES OF THE MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THEM. MANY PARISHES AND VOLUNTEER ORGANISATIONS WORK WITH ASYLUM SEEKERS. IN SOME ITALIAN TOWNS THERE HAVE BEEN PROTESTS BY PEOPLE NOT WANTING TO ACCEPT THESE ASYLUM SEEKERS.

12. ITALY 4 THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF 'PROTECTION' Refugee status: 5 years Subsidiary protection: 5 years, if the refugee can be killed or tortured if he goes back to his/her country Humanitarian permit: 2 years, if someone comes to Italy for humanitarian reasons (only Italy has this);

13. ITALY 5 – LOCAL LEVEL IN OUR AREA THE CHURCH ORGANISATION 'CARITAS' HELPS MIGRANTS TO FIND A PLACE TOLIVE AND A JOB. SOME PARISHES RECIEVE MONEY TO HOST MIGRANTS. IN OUR TOWN THERE IS A PARISH GROUP CALLED THE 'GRUPPONE' (BIG GROUP) WHICH IS ACTIVE WITH MIGRANTS

14. ITALY 6 – AT SCHOOL • AT SCHOOL NEW STUDENTS WHO ARRIVE FROM OTHER COUNTRIES ARE REGISTERED • A SPECIAL TEACHER ORGANISES A STUDY PLAN OF INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP ITALIAN LESSONS FOR THEM • SUBJECT EVALUATION TAKES INTO ACCOUNT THE STUDENT’S ITALIAN LANGUAGE LEVEL • PROGRESS IN ITAIAN LANGUAGE LEARNING IS ALSO EVALUATED

15. LIBYA 2 SOME PEOPLE ARE KEPT IN DETENTION CENTRES IN LIBYA, WHICH ARE LIKE JAILS OTHER PEOPLE PAY HUMAN TRAFFICKERS TO CROSS THE SEA IN LITTLE, UNSAFE BOATS. SOME ARE RESCUED BY EUROPEAN FUNDED SHIPS (SOSMEDITERRANEE) OTHERS ARE CAPTURED BY THE LIBYAN COAST GUARD AND TAKEN BACK TO DETENTION CENTRES MORE AND MORE PEOPLE ARE DROWNING IN THE SEA, AS EUROPEAN COUNTRIES IGNORE THE 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees

17. LIBYA 3 THE UNITED NATIONS IS INVESTIGATING HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES OF MIGRANTS IN LIBYA, WHO ARE OFTEN SUBJECT TO VIOLENCE, TORTURE, SEXUAL ABUSE BECAUSE TO STOP POTENTIAL MIGRANTS CROSSING THE SEA, EUROPEAN COUNTRIES ARE PAYING LIBYANS TO IMPRISON THEM IN DETENTION CENTRES IN LIBYA ARE PAYING THE LIBYAN COASTGUARD TO PICK MIGRANTS UP IN THE SEA AND TAKE THEM BACK TO LIBYA

18. CONCLUSIONE 1 MIGRATION AND POLITICS MIGRATION HAS BECOME A VERY POLITICAL ISSUE AS UNEMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY GROW IN EUROPE AND PEOPLE LOOK FOR A SCAPEGOAT. A HUMANITARIAN APPROACH DOES NOT WIN VOTES FOR POLITICAL PARTIES. SHOCKING TERRORIST EVENTS IN EUROPE HAVE INCREASED THE FEAR OF DIFFERENT CULTURES AND RELIGIONS MANY PEOPLE EASILY FOLLOW THE IDEA OF 'US' AND 'THEM', WHICH CREATES A FEELING OF SUPERIORITY ON ONE HAND AND HATRED AND REJECTION ON THE OTHER

19. C0NCLUSIONE 2 AS POPE FRANCIS SAID RECENTLY: RICH COUNTRIES HAVE A HISTORICAL, SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEBT TOWARDS POORER COUNTRIES THIS MEANS RICH COUNTRIES HAVE TAKEN THE PRIMARY RESOURCES OF POORER COUNTRIES, EXPLOITED THEIR LABOUR, ARMED AND FOUGHT WARS IN THEIR COUNTRIES, FINANCED PUPPET LEADERS, DESTROYED INDEPENDENT GOVERNMENTS IN ORDER TO BECOME RICHER AND MORE POWERFUL

20. CONCLUSIONE 3 • HONEST ACCOUNTS REPORT, 2017: • THE AFRICAN CONTINENT HAS 30% OF THE WORLD’S RESOURCES: • GOLD, DIAMONDS, GAS, OIL, PHOSPHATE, TIN, MANGANESE, EXPERT LABOUR, BIODIVERSITY. • BUT • MOST OF THE WEALTH PRODUCED LEAVES THE CONTINENT TO GO TO OTHER COUNTRIES, OTHER POCKETS. • WHILE LOCAL PEOPLE ARE TRAPPED IN POVERTY, CAUGHT UP IN WARS

21. CONCLUSIONE 4 PEOPLE WILL ALWAYS ESCAPE FROM SITUATIONS WHERE SURVIVAL IS NOT POSSIBLE THEY CANNOT BE IGNORED, IMPRISONED, TORTURED, ROBBED, LEFT TO DROWN, OR BOUGHT AND SOLD RICH COUNTRIES HAVE BECOME RICH THANKS TO POOR COUNTRIES WE WERE BORN IN A RICH COUNTRY BY CHANCE WE HAVE A DEBT TO THOSE PEOPLE WHO WERE NOT