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Migration

Migration. A type of relocation diffusion. Migration. A permanent move to a new location Geographers document WHERE people migrate to and from across the SPACE of Earth. Migration Generally. A form of mobility covering all types of movements from one place to another

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Migration

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  1. Migration A type of relocation diffusion

  2. Migration • A permanent move to a new location • Geographers document WHERE people migrate to and from across the SPACE of Earth

  3. Migration Generally • A form of mobility covering all types of movements from one place to another • Short-term daily, monthly, or annual movements occurring on a regular basis are called circulation

  4. “Em” or “Imm”??? • Emigration is migration FROM a location (Emigrants) • Immigration is migration TO a location (Immigrants) • Ex. Bob from Canada migrates to Brazil. Canada’s data shows him as an emigrant, while Brazil considers him an immigrant. • Net Migration is the difference between the # if immigrants and the # of emigrants

  5. Net Migration • If the # of immigrants > than # of emigrants = positive net migration (region has net in-migration) • Opposite of that = negative net migration (region has net out-migration)

  6. Let’s Discuss: • Why does true migration occur less often than circulation or other forms of movement? • How might a region be effected if it has large levels of net in-migration? • If globalization connects the world, why do people still feel the need to migrate?

  7. Why do people Migrate?

  8. Reasons for Migrating: • Most people migrate for economic reasons • Cultural and environmental factors exist, but not as frequently as economic • Push (centrifugal) Factors – induce people to move out of current location • Pull (centripetal) Factors – induce people to move into a new location * Both typically play a role

  9. Let’s Discuss: • What are some economic push/pull factors? • What are some cultural push/pull factors? • What are some environmental push/pull factors?

  10. Intervening Obstacles • Intervening Obstacle is am environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration • Past – environmental played huge role • Large bodies of water, mountains, deserts, etc. (no modern transportation) • People ended up settling short of desired location • Present – cultural plays role • Local diversity in government and politics • Need a passport to legally emigrate, and a visa to legally immigrate

  11. Homework!!! • Compare and Contrast: 1) International v. Internal Migration 2) Interregional v. Intraregional Migration 3) Voluntary v. Forced Migration • Describe each stage of the Migration Transition (Correlates w/ Dem. Trans.) 4) Stage 1 5) Stage 2 6) Stage 3 & 4

  12. On your own… • Characteristics of Migrants (84-85) • U.S. Immigration Patterns (86-88)

  13. Global Migration Patterns • Asia, Latin America, and Africa have net out-migration • North America, Europe, and Oceania have net in-migration • Three largest flows currently: • Asia  Europe • Asia  North America • Latin America  North America

  14. Global Patterns Continued… • Reflects importance of migration from LDCs  MDCs • U.S. has more foreign born residents than any other country (approx. 40 million in 2010), growing by 1 million annually • Australia and Canada have higher rates of net in-migration (smaller populations) • Countries with highest rates are in oil exporting countries of the Middle East - Attract workers from poorer neighboring countries to work dangerous jobs

  15. Impact of Immigration on U.S. • 18th Century – England and Africa • 19th Century – Europe * Euro migrants declined after WWII • 20th Century – Latin America and Asia

  16. European Pattern • The Industrial Revolution moved many European countries into Stage 2 • As the populations increased economic opportunities decreased • Migration to the U.S. helped decrease the population in Europe, creating opportunities for all • Most of Europe in Stages 3 & 4 now, no need to reduce population

  17. European Culture • 65 million European emigrants worldwide • Indo-European languages spoken by half of the world • Europe’s most prevalent religion, Christianity, also the world’s largest • Euro art, music, literature, philosophy, and ethics diffused worldwide

  18. Most European Impact • Countries sparsely populated prior to Euro migration (U.S. & Australia) • Conflict in places w/ indigenous people where Euro dominated and imposed political domination • Conflicts today in Africa and Asia a result of arbitrary boundary lines drawn while Euro colonized the area

  19. Unauthorized Immigration to the U.S. • Unauthorized (undocumented) Immigrants – enter the U.S. illegally • 2008  11.9 million • 6.3 mill.  adult males • 4.1 mill.  adult females • 1.5 mill.  children • 4 mill. children born in U.S. to illegal parents • 8.3 mill. employed (Normally constructions or service job) • 59%  Mexico • 22%  Elsewhere in Latin America • 12%  Asia

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