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Study Guide (2,3,4)

Study Guide (2,3,4). Page 3 Information. Active Transport. Movement from low to high concentration. Requires ENERGY . 3 Types of Active Transport: - Protein PUMPS - Endocytosis ( Phagocytosis ) - Exocytosis. Protein “Pumps”.

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Study Guide (2,3,4)

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  1. Study Guide (2,3,4) Page 3 Information

  2. Active Transport Movement from low to highconcentration. Requires ENERGY. 3 Types of Active Transport: - Protein PUMPS - Endocytosis (Phagocytosis) - Exocytosis

  3. Protein “Pumps” Movement of molecules from Low concentration into High concentrations, requiring energy.

  4. Endocytosis or Phagocytosis • Active transport of large particles INTO the cell, by surrounding them with the cell membrane.

  5. Exocytosis • Active transport of substances OUT of the cell using the cell membrane.

  6. Cell Cycle • Makes up the life of the cell • Consists of 3 phases: • Interphase, Mitosis & Cytokinesis • Interphase is divided into 3 parts (G1, S, G2) • Some cells, like muscle and nerve, do not pass the G1 phase (G0)

  7. Two types of cell/nucleus division. Mitosis = 2 copies of identical cells, with exact amount of DNA/chromosomes. Growth & Repair of normal body cells (Somatic Cells) Meiosis = 4 unique gametes (egg/sperm) with ½ the chromosomes as the original cell. Gamete production only!

  8. Cell Differentiation • Cells have varying shapes and functions depending on activation or shut down of portions of DNA. • Stem Cells– have not yet had any portion of DNA shut off!

  9. Special Events in Cell Cycle • Cancer = Cells that have incorrectly copied DNA in S phase. Alters rate of cell division or function of cells produced. • Apoptosis = programmed cell death.

  10. Enzymes = Proteins that speed up all chemical reactions in living things. • Substrate = molecule the enzyme alters. • Active site = region on enzyme that has matching shape of substrate. • Denature = changing the shape of an enzyme (pH & temp)

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