Cells

1. Cells

2. Vocabulary -cell theory -eukaryotic cells -prokaryotic cells -organelle -cytoskeleton -nucleus -ribosomes -endoplasmic reticulum -golgi apparatus -vesicles -mitochondria -vacuoles -lysosomes -centrioles -cell wall -chloroplasts

3. Robert Hooke (1665) • Hooke, an English scientist, described the boxes he saw in his microscope as “cells” because they reminded him of the small living quarters of monks, which were called cells.

4. The Scientists Schleiden and Schwann <- Studied animal cells 1838 Studied plant cells -> Schleiden (Plants) Schwann (Animals)

5. All cells come from preexisting cells! • 1855- enough research had been done to conclude that the origin of all cells was some preexisting cell aka cells come only from other cells. This was the conclusion of, German, Rudolf Virchow.

6. In the 17th century Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow summarized their observations into the… • The Cell Theory which states: • All living organisms are composed of cells. • The cell is the basic unit of life. • Cells arise from pre-existing cells. • The modern version of the Cell Theory includes the ideas that: • •Energy flow occurs within cells. • •Heredity information (DNA) is passed on from cell to cell. • •All cells have the same basic chemical composition.

7. 2 Basic Cell types Prokaryotic Cells- • Cell that lacks internal structures surrounded by membranes. *Organelles* -(Including a NUCLEUS) • Most organisms that are prokaryotes are single celled. • Do not contain mitochondria but they can obtain energy from either sunlight or from chemicals in their environment. • Do contain ribosomes, the site of protein synthesis.

8. 2 Basic Cell types • Eukaryotic Cells- • cell that has membrane bound structures (called organelles.) • DNA is organized in chromosomes inside a nucleus • These cells can be put together to form complex organisms. • Usually larger than prokaryotes

9. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells vs