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Hydro Energy

Hydro Energy. Hydrologic Cycle. http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/hydro_how.html. Hydropower in Context. Sources of Electric Power – US. Renewable Energy Sources. Wisconsin Valley Improvement Company, http://www.wvic.com/hydro-facts.htm. World hydro production. IEA.org.

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Hydro Energy

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  1. Hydro Energy

  2. Hydrologic Cycle http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/hydro_how.html

  3. Hydropower in Context

  4. Sources of Electric Power – US

  5. Renewable Energy Sources Wisconsin Valley Improvement Company, http://www.wvic.com/hydro-facts.htm

  6. World hydro production IEA.org

  7. Major Hydropower Producers

  8. World’s Largest Dams Ranked by maximum power. “Hydroelectricity,” Wikipedia.org

  9. Three Gorges Dam (China)

  10. Three Gorges Dam Location Map

  11. Itaipú Dam (Brazil & Paraguay) “Itaipu,” Wikipedia.org

  12. Itaipú Dam Site Map http://www.kented.org.uk/ngfl/subjects/geography/rivers/River%20Articles/itaipudam.htm

  13. Guri Dam (Venezuela) http://www.infodestinations.com/venezuela/espanol/puerto_ordaz/index.shtml

  14. Guri Dam Site Map http://lmhwww.epfl.ch/Services/ReferenceList/2000_fichiers/gurimap.htm

  15. Grand Coulee Dam (US) www.swehs.co.uk/ docs/coulee.html

  16. Grand Coulee Dam Site Map

  17. Grand Coulee Dam Statistics

  18. Uses of Dams – US Wisconsin Valley Improvement Company, http://www.wvic.com/hydro-facts.htm

  19. Hydropower Production by US State Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2003

  20. Percent Hydropower by US State Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2003

  21. Hydropower Design

  22. Terminology (Jargon) • Head • Water must fall from a higher elevation to a lower one to release its stored energy. • The difference between these elevations (the water levels in the forebay and the tailbay) is called head • Dams: three categories • high-head (800 or more feet) • medium-head (100 to 800 feet) • low-head (less than 100 feet) • Power is proportional to the product of head x flow http://www.wapa.gov/crsp/info/harhydro.htm

  23. Scale of Hydropower Projects • Large-hydro • More than 100 MW feeding into a large electricity grid • Medium-hydro • 15 - 100 MW usually feeding a grid • Small-hydro • 1 - 15 MW - usually feeding into a grid • Mini-hydro • Above 100 kW, but below 1 MW • Either stand alone schemes or more often feeding into the grid • Micro-hydro • From 5kW up to 100 kW • Usually provided power for a small community or rural industry in remote areas away from the grid. • Pico-hydro • From a few hundred watts up to 5kW • Remote areas away from the grid. www.itdg.org/docs/technical_information_service/micro_hydro_power.pdf

  24. Types of Hydroelectric Installation Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2003

  25. Meeting Peak Demands • Hydroelectric plants: • Start easily and quickly and change power output rapidly • Complement large thermal plants (coal and nuclear), which are most efficient in serving base power loads. • Save millions of barrels of oil

  26. Types of Systems • Impoundment • Hoover Dam, Grand Coulee • Diversion or run-of-river systems • Niagara Falls • Most significantly smaller • Pumped Storage • Two way flow • Pumped up to a storage reservoir and returned to a lower elevation for power generation • A mechanism for energy storage, not net energy production

  27. Conventional Impoundment Dam http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/hydro_plant_types.html

  28. ExampleHoover Dam (US) http://las-vegas.travelnice.com/dbi/hooverdam-225x300.jpg

  29. Diversion (Run-of-River) Hydropower

  30. ExampleDiversion Hydropower (Tazimina, Alaska) http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/hydro_plant_types.html

  31. Micro Run-of-River Hydropower http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/hydro_plant_types.html

  32. Micro Hydro Example Used in remote locations in northern Canada http://www.electrovent.com/#hydrofr

  33. Pumped Storage Schematic

  34. Pumped Storage System Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2003

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