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Anatomical Terminology

Anatomical Terminology. Why?  Correct anatomical terminology allows people to communicate effectively and accurately Body Positions - Anatomical Position:body erect, feet on floor and slightly apart, head and palms facing forward

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Anatomical Terminology

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  1. Anatomical Terminology Why?  • Correct anatomical terminology allows people to communicate effectively and accurately • Body Positions - Anatomical Position:body erect, feet on floor and slightly apart, head and palms facing forward - Supine: body lying face upward - Prone: body lying face downward

  2. Anatomical Terminology Cont. • Directional Terms • anterior (ventral)--the front side of the body • posterior (dorsal)--the back side of the body • superior (cranial)--toward the head • inferior (caudal)--away from the head • medial--toward the midline of the body • lateral--away from the midline of the body • proximal--closer to the point of attachment • distal--farther from the point of attachment • superficial (external)--located close to or on the body surface • deep (internal)--located beneath the body surface

  3. Regional Terms • Anterior • Abdominal: anterior body trunk inferior to ribs • Acromial: point of shoulder • Antebrachial: forearm • Antecubital: anterior surface of elbow • Axillary: armpit • Brachial: arm • Buccal: cheek area • Carpal: wrist • Cervical: neck region • Coxal: hip • Crural: leg • Deltoid: curve of shoulder area formed by large deltoid muscle

  4. Regional Terms Cont. • Digital: fingers, toes • Femoral: thigh • Fibular: lateral part of leg • Frontal: forehead • Inguinal: area where thigh meets body trunk; groin • Nasal: nose area • Oral: mouth • Orbital: eye area • Patellar: anterior knee • Pelvic: area overlying the pelvis • Pubic: genital region • Sternal: breastbone area • Tarsal: ankle region • Thoracic: chest • Umbilical: navel

  5. Regional Terms Cont. • Posterior • Calcaneal: heel of foot • Cephalic: head • Femoral: thigh • Gluteal: buttock • Lumbar: area of back between ribs and hips • Occipital: posterior surface of head • Olecranal: posterior surface of elbow • Popliteal: posterior knee area • Sacral: area between hips • Scapular: shoulder blade region • Sural: the posterior surface of lower leg; the calf • Vertebral: area of spine • Plantar: sole of the foot

  6. Body Planes and Sections • Sagittal:longitudinal section that divides the body into right and left portions - median or midsagittal:directly down the middle of the body - parasagittal:divides anywhere except for right down the middle; divides the body into unequal parts • Frontal (coronal):divides the body into anterior and posterior portions • Transverse:divides the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) portions

  7. Sagittal MRI Scans

  8. Transverse MRI Scans Cont.

  9. Coronal MRI Scans

  10. Body Cavities • Dorsal (posterior) - cranial cavity--houses the brain - spinal (vertebral) cavity--contains the spinal cord • Ventral (anterior) - thoracic cavity - pericardial cavity-surrounds the heart - pleural cavities--surrounds the lungs - abdominopelvic - abdominal cavity--contains the stomach, spleen, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, and the small and large intestine - pelvic cavity--contains the lower part of the digestive system (rectum), the urinary bladder, and the internal reproductive organs of the female

  11. Body Cavities Cont. • Abdominopelvic Cavity • four quadrants - right upper quadrant (RUQ) - right lower quadrant(RLQ) - left upper quadrant(LUQ) - left lower quadrant(LLQ) • Nine regions epigastric--upper middle portion umbilical--central portion hypogastric--lower middle portion hypochondriac--either side of epigastric lumbar--either side of umbilical iliac--either side of hypogastric

  12. Body Cavities Cont. • Oral: commonly called the mouth, contains teeth and tongue • Nasal: posterior to the nose, part of the respiratory system passageways • Orbital: house the eyes • Middle Ear: medial to the eardrums

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