The Industrial Revolution

1. The Industrial Revolution

2. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain • began in the 1780s • several reasons. • Improved farming  increased food supply  drove food prices down  gave families more money for manufactured goods. • also supported a growing population.

3. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain • Britain had plenty of capitalfor industrial machines and factories. • Wealthy entrepreneurswere looking for ways to invest and make profits. • Britain had abundant natural resources and supply of markets

4. Cotton Industry • In the 18th century Great Britain had surged ahead in the production of cotton goods. • Cottage industry • The two-step process of spinning and weaving • had been done by individuals in their homes

5. Cotton Industry • A series of inventions made weaving and spinning faster. • It was now efficient to bring workers to the new machines in factories. • Cottage industry no longer was efficient.

6. The Steam Engine • The cotton industry became even more productive after t James Watt improved the steam engine in 1782 so it could drive machinery. • Steam-powered cotton mills proliferated throughout Britain.

7. Expansion of the Coal industry • steam engines ran on coal • led to the expansion of the coal industry

8. Expansion of Iron Industry • coal drove the iron industry • by using the process developed by Henry Cort called puddling, a better quality iron was produced • between 1740 and 1852, iron production quadrupled in Britain

9. Railroads • very crucial to the Industrial Revolution • were an efficient way to move resources and goods • 1830; The first public railway line stretched from Liverpool to Manchester (32 miles)

10. Railroads • The first engine used (the Rocket) pulled a 40-ton train at a mere 16 mph • Train speeds increased to 50 mph within 20 years • By 1850 there were 6,000 miles of track

11. Railroads • Building railroads was a new job for farm laborers and peasants. • less expensive transportation lowered the price of goods and made for larger markets. • More sales  more demand  more factories and machines.

12. The New Factories • The factory created a new kind of labor system. • workers had to work in shifts to keep the machines running • Factory owners trained laborers to do repetitive work… the same hours each day.

13. Growth of Population and Cities • The Industrial Revolution spurred the growth of cities and created two new social classes: • the industrial middle class and the industrial working class. • Cities were the home to many industries. • People moved in from the country to find work. .

14. Industrial Middle Class • The Industrial Revolution replaced the commercial capitalism with industrialcapitalism • produced the industrial middle class. • made up of the people who built the factories, bought the machines, and figured out where the markets were.

15. Industrial Working class • Industrial workers faced horrible working conditions • 12 to 16 hour days six days a week. • No job security • no minimum wage. • Hot temperatures in the cotton mills

16. The Rise of Socialism • pitiful conditions for workers led to a movement called socialism • society, usually government, owns and controls the means of production—natural resources, factories, and the like.