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Early Settlement and Colonial America

Early Settlement and Colonial America. English North America. Jamestown. Founded in 1607 Created by the Virginia Company (joint- stock company) Goal: Make $$$ 1 st Permanent English Settlement in New World. Jamestown. Early Problems: Difficult Conditions. Swampland. Mosquito.

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Early Settlement and Colonial America

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  1. Early Settlement and Colonial America English North America

  2. Jamestown • Founded in 1607 • Created by the Virginia Company (joint- stock company) • Goal: Make $$$ • 1st Permanent English Settlement in New World

  3. Jamestown • Early Problems: • Difficult Conditions Swampland Mosquito

  4. Jamestown • “Starving Time” • Most settlers died because of disease, harsh winter, & little food

  5. Jamestown • Captain John Smith • “No Work, No Food”

  6. Jamestown • Powhatan Tribe • Provided food to early settlers • Angry when settlers take food & land • Pocahontas

  7. Jamestown • Tobacco: Virginia Gold • John Rolfe • Plantations (large farms) created • Cash Crop economy

  8. Jamestown • Headright System: • 50 acres of land for every worker brought to colony • More Land = More $$$

  9. Jamestown • Indentured Servants • Plantation Workers: • 5-7 year service agreement • Pay for voyage • Food & shelter • Land after contract completed

  10. Jamestown • House of Burgesses:1st elected legislative body in the colonies • Run by the rich • Create laws for the Virginia colonists

  11. Jamestown • Expansion Problems: • Poor farmers want more land • Expand West • Fight with Indians • Rich refuse to help • Poor farmers turn on rich farmers

  12. Jamestown • Bacon’s Rebellion: • Nathaniel Bacon • Poor farmer uprising • Burn Jamestown • Scares rich landowners • Switch to slave labor

  13. Review • What problems did the new settlers face in the new world? • What colonist saved the colonists from starvation? • What crop saved the Virginia Company? Who introduced it? • What were the big farms called? Who worked on the farms? • 1st legislative body in English colonies?

  14. Using the maps on pages 49,54,59 & 67 of your textbook label your colonies map with all 13 colonies. & shade in the New England, Middle and Southern regions using 3 different colors

  15. Southern Colonies • Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia

  16. Carolinas • Royal Colony: King Controlled • Purpose: Grow food for the West Indies • Major City: Charleston (Charles Town) • South Carolina grows rich through trade • North Carolina lacks a good port • Outer Banks: Sink Ships

  17. Georgia • Last of the original colonies • Founded: James Oglethorpe • Purpose: • Buffer Colony: Protect S.C. from Spanish Florida • Debtor Colony: Place to start over

  18. Life in the South • Political: • Government run by the rich plantation owner • White males who owned land allowed to vote • Virginia’s House of Burgesses

  19. Life in the South • Economic: Plantation (cash-crops) economy • Tobacco, Rice, Indigo • Few towns • Charleston: Major city

  20. Southern Economies • The economy of colonial Virginia and the other Southern colonies in the eastern coastal lowlands was based on “cash crops” such as tobacco, rice, and indigo. • These cash crops were grown on large plantations and exported to Europe. • Farther inland, in the mountains and valleys of the Appalachian foothills, the economy was based on small-scale subsistence farming, hunting, and trading.

  21. Southern Social Structure • Social structure based on family status and the ownership of land. • Large landowners in the eastern lowlands dominated colonial government and society and maintained an allegiance to the Church of England and closer social ties to England than did those in the other colonies. • Society further inland, was characterized by small-scale subsistence farmers, hunters, and traders of Scots-Irish and English descent.

  22. Slavery • Plantation labor needs came to be satisfied by the forcible importation of Africans. • Some worked as indentured servants, earned their freedom, and lived as free citizens during the Colonial Era. • Over time, larger and larger numbers of enslaved Africans were forcibly brought to the Southern colonies.

  23. Slavery • Slaves replace indentured servants • Middle Passage: Journey from Africa to America • Part of the Triangular Trade • Slave Codes: Harsh laws against slaves • Slave Response: • Suicide, vandalism, revolts

  24. Slavery • You will need to know the story of slavery, from its beginning to how and why it came to be so strong in the Southern colonies. • Sounds like it may be a question on a test, doesn’t it???? • Now, listen to my long and drawn out story of slavery, take notes as you feel you need to and ask questions if you have them.

  25. Middle Colonies • Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Maryland, and Delaware • Colonial Breadbasket • Rich Economy: Farming & Industry

  26. Middle Colonies • Home to multiple religious groups that generally believed in religious tolerance, including Quakers in Pennsylvania, Huguenots and Jews in New York, and Presbyterians in New Jersey. • These colonies began to develop a middle class of skilled artisans, entrepreneurs (business owners), and small farmers.

  27. Middle Colonies • The middle colonies incorporated a number of democratic principles that reflected the basic rights of Englishmen.

  28. Maryland • Proprietary Colony: Private land grant • Founded: Lord Baltimore

  29. Maryland • Purpose: Safe place for Catholics (haven) • Significance: Toleration Act • Protected religious freedom for all Christians

  30. Pennsylvania • Pennsylvania: Proprietary Colony • Founded By: William Penn • Purpose: Home for Quakers • Pacifist religious group • Philadelphia: “City of Brotherly Love”

  31. New England • Northern area of English colonies. • Made up of people seeking religious freedom (sort of!!!) • Plymouth Bay Colony (PBC), Massachusetts Bay Colony (MBC), Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire

  32. Massachusetts Created for religious purposes Two groups of settlers: Puritans Pilgrims

  33. Pilgrims 1620: Arrive @ Plymouth William Bradford: Pilgrim leader Separatists: Believed Church of England was corrupt. Never to return to England.

  34. Pilgrims Mayflower Compact: Legal document that established democracy in Plymouth Bay Colony

  35. Pilgrims Squanto: Indian who taught Pilgrims how to grow food Thanksgiving: Celebration of Indian – Colonist relationship

  36. Puritans Established the Massachusetts Bay Colony Non-Separatist: Goal is to be an example for all to follow and reform the church

  37. Puritans John Winthrop: Puritan leader Goal: create a “City on the hill” Covenant Community: All citizens working for God.

  38. New England • New England’s colonial society was based on religious standing. • The Puritans grew increasingly intolerant of dissenters who challenged the Puritans’ belief in the connection between religion and government. • New England colonies used town meetings in the operation of government

  39. Religious Freedom Puritans did not allow other faiths in Massachusetts Religious Freedom Dissenters: People who opposed Puritan control

  40. Dissenters Roger Williams: Founder of Rhode Island. Kicked out of Massachusetts for preaching “liberty of conscience” Church Liberty of conscience = separation of: State

  41. Anne Hutchinson Kicked out of MBC for disagreeing with ministers Moved to Rhode Island

  42. Connecticut Founded by Puritans seeking greater freedoms and land. Led by Thomas Hooker who thought everyone should be allowed to vote, not just church members. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut: 1st written Constitution in colonies

  43. Life in the North New England: “Cod and God” Rocky soil and long winters: Bad for farming

  44. New England Economy Shipbuilding: Fishing: Cod Lumbering: Subsistence Farming: you farm to sustain your life

  45. Life in the North Religion dominated all aspects of life All people must learn how to read the Bible.

  46. Life in the North Education: Elementary schools required to be built in all towns > 50 families Harvard College (1636): 1st college in America

  47. Life in the North As MBC grows religious faith begins to decline. Salem Witch Trials (1692): An attempt to scare people back to church by claiming Satan was corrupting society.

  48. Life in the North • Many American colonists in the 1700s turned to a religious movement called pietism, which stressed an individual’s devoutness and emotional union with God • Ministers spread pietism through, revivals, large public meetings for preaching and prayer. • This revival of religious feelings became known as the Great Awakening.

  49. Life in the North Great Awakening: A revival in the church Brings passion and energy to church services. Led by two men: Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield Fire and Brimstone sermons

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