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Head to toe examination

Head to toe examination. General inspection. Weight / nutrition Age Deformities in the body Colour: cyanosis, paleness Skin appearance Odor Hidration. Head and neck examination. If child inspect for fontanellas Check for nerve function in the facial region (trigeminal and facial)

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Head to toe examination

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  1. Head to toe examination

  2. General inspection • Weight / nutrition • Age • Deformities in the body • Colour: cyanosis, paleness • Skin appearance • Odor • Hidration

  3. Head and neck examination • If child inspect for fontanellas • Check for nerve function in the facial region (trigeminal and facial) • Eye inspection:general appearance (exophtalmus), pupillary light reflex, nystagmus, vestibulo-ocular reflex, conjuntiva. • External ear inspection: discharge, ulcers, congenital defects (eg. microtia) • Nose inspection: position of septum, presence of discharge, obstruction • Mouth: tongue movement, tonsils, palates, lips • Neck: lymph nodes, thyroid gland, salivary glands

  4. Thorax examination • Shape of the chest (tracheal deviation, pectum excavatum, carinatum) • Examination and palpation of breasts • Respiratory movements • Auscultation of lungs: weezes, crackles, stridor. • Auscultation of heart • Percussion of lungs (fluidothorax, pneumothorax)

  5. Examination of Abdomen • Inspection (caput medusa) • Palpation of abdominal cavity (start in the healthy side, light-deep palpation) • Liver: boundaries (scratching method or percussion), Ascites • Gall bladder: Murphy’s sign • Kidneys: percussion Tapotman sign • Spleen: pathological palpation • Appendix: Mc Burney’s sign (tenderness), Psoas sign, Blumberg sign (deep palpation and release). • Rectal examination

  6. Examination of extremities • Palpation of the axilla and groin. • Assessment of radial pulse. • Assessment of femoral and posterior tibial pulse. • Oman’s sign

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