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Saddam Takes Power

Saddam Takes Power. 1979: Baath leader named Saddam Hussein became Iraq’s president. Saddam controlled Iraq’s media, restricted personal freedoms, and killed political enemies. 1980: Iraq invaded Iran. The Iran-Iraq War lasted until 1988. 1990: Iraq invaded Kuwait.

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Saddam Takes Power

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  1. Saddam Takes Power 1979: Baath leader named Saddam Hussein became Iraq’s president. Saddam controlled Iraq’s media, restricted personal freedoms, and killed political enemies. 1980: Iraq invaded Iran. The Iran-Iraq War lasted until 1988. 1990: Iraq invaded Kuwait. 1991: Alliance of countries led by the United States forced the Iraqis out of Kuwait in the Persian Gulf War. Saddam would not accept all the United Nations’ (UN) peace terms. The UN placed an embargo, or limit on trade, on Iraq.

  2. War and Its Effects • Soon after the Persian Gulf War ended, Saddam crushed two rebellions from Shia Muslims and Kurds. • The UN forced Iraq to end all military activity and allow inspectors into the country. • Iraq later refused to cooperate completely. • September 11, 2001: Terrorist attacks on the United States led to new tensions between the United States and Iraq. • March 2003: U.S. forces attacked Iraqi targets. Soon after, the Iraqi army was defeated and Saddam’s government was crushed. • Saddam went into hiding, and eight months later U.S. soldiers found him. After his arrest, Saddam was tried and executed for his crimes.

  3. Main Idea 3:Iraq today must rebuild its government and economy, which have suffered from years of conflict. • Iraq’s capital, Baghdad, was severely damaged in the recent war. U.S. military and private contractors helped restore electricity and water, and rebuild homes, businesses, and schools. Rebuilding • January 2005: first democratic elections • Members elected to the National Assembly • New constitution written Government • Trying to recover oil production • Producing barley, cotton, and rice • Iraq faces huge challenges in creating a free and prosperous society. Economy

  4. Main Idea 2:In Iran today, Islamic religious leaders restrict the rights of most Iranians. More than half of all Iranians are Persian and speak Farsi. Most of Iran’s population of 68 million is very young and ethnically diverse. Ethnic groups include Persians, Azerbaijanis, Kurds, Arabs, and Turks. Most Iranians belong to the Shia branch of Islam. In addition to Islamic holy days, Iranians celebrate Nowruz—the Persian New Year. Iranian culture also includes close-knit families and respect for elders.

  5. The Shah and Islamic Revolution • 1921: An Iranian military officer took power and claimed the old Persian title of shah, or king. • 1941: The shah’s son took control and tried to modernize Iran. • 1978: Iranians began a revolution, a drastic change in a country’s government and way of life. • 1979: Iranians overthrew the shah and set up an Islamic republic, following strict Islamic law. Relations with the United States broke down. A mob of students attacked the U.S. Embassy in Iran’s capital, Tehran. With the approval of Iran’s government, the students took more than 50 Americans working at the embassy hostage and held them by force for over a year.

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