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HUNGARIAN PEACEKEEPERS IN AFRICA

HUNGARIAN PEACEKEEPERS IN AFRICA. MINURSO. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Geography, Climate Economy, Infrastructure Society, people History MINURSO Structure, Organisation Current situation – possible future. GEOGRAPHY - CLIMATE. Area- 266 000 km Desert, dry climate

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HUNGARIAN PEACEKEEPERS IN AFRICA

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  1. HUNGARIAN PEACEKEEPERS IN AFRICA MINURSO

  2. TABLE OF CONTENTS • Geography, Climate • Economy, Infrastructure • Society, people • History • MINURSO • Structure, Organisation • Current situation – possible future

  3. GEOGRAPHY - CLIMATE • Area- 266 000 km • Desert, dry climate • Scant vegetation, plain, low mountains • Borders • 400 km Morocco • 42 km Algeria • 1560 km Mauritania • 110 km shore of Atlantic Ocean

  4. GEOGRAPHY TARFAYA MAROKKÓ ALGERIA TINDOUF FORCE HQ LAAYOUNE Seguia El Hamra ATLANTIC OCEAN SMARA BOUJDOUR BIR MOGHREIN MAURITANIA DAKHLA Rio del Oro ZOUERAT NOUADHIBOU MAURITANIA

  5. ECONOMY • One of the poorest region in Africa • Economical Centers • LAAYOUNE, DAKHLA, SMARA • PRODUCTION • Limited agriculture • No industry • Phosphate mining • Fishery

  6. LAAYOUNE BOUJDOUR DAKHLA INFRASTRUCTURE • 4 Center • 3 Airport • 2 Port • 6000 kmhighway • only 1400 km paved! • ( No railway)

  7. CRUDE OIL PHOSPHATE FISHERY

  8. SOCIETY

  9. POPULATION • POPULATION • Laayoune • Smara • Dakhla • Boujdour • Nomads • Refugees 180,000 50,000 36,000 14,000 10,000 155,000 TINDOUF LAAYOUNE SMARA BOUJDOUR ATLANTIC DAKHLA (Tindouf )

  10. HISTORY I. • Spanish Colony (1884-1976) • 1965 DEC 14:First UN resolution (Colony Declaration) • 1973 MAY 10 :Formation of Frente Polisario • 1974 AUG 21:Spanish referendum plan - Census • 1974 DEC 16:Decision of the International Court of Justice (Hague) • 1975 NOV 6-9 :„Green March”

  11. HISTORY II. Total: 74 343

  12. HISTORY III. • 1975 NOV 14 :Madrid Accord • 1976 FEBR 27 :Declaration the establishment of the SADR • 1976ÁPR:Morocco and Mauritania invade the territory • 1979AUG05 :Peace agreement in Algiers (Polisario and Mauritania) • 1980: „Strategy of walls” (BERM) • 1991 ÁPR 29 :Establish of MINURSO (SC resolution 690) • 1991SZEPT05 :Ceasefire

  13. HISTORY IV. • 1997 SZEPT :HOUSTON Agreement • 2000 ÁPR :I. BAKER PLAN (FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT) • 2002: SETTLEMENT PLAN ( II. BAKER PLAN) • 2005: Reduction of MINURSO • 2006: „No war, No peace” situation

  14. „BERM”

  15. CURRENT SITUATION Berm AREA WITH LIMITED RESTRICTIONS AREA WITH LIMITED RESTRICTIONS MINEFIELD 5 km RESTRICTED ZONE 30 km RESTRICTED ZONE 25 km Berm

  16. IMPORTANCE WS • NATO and EU interest in Afrika (Mediteran Dialogue, PfP, economic possibility) • Terrorizm, radical islam, migration, smuggling • Former colonial powers connections and interest (France and Spain) • Morocco, Mauritania, Algeria interest in the conflict - ARAB MAGHREB UNION (AMU) • Hungarian interest in the area

  17. UNHCR CIVILIAN ADMINISTRATION MILITARY OBSERVERS POLICE UNIT DEPARTMENT OF IDENTIFICATION MINURSO STRUCTURE SRSG OFFICE

  18. MILITARY OBSERVERS • Monitor the ceasefire • Monitor the confinement of Moroccan and Polisario troops to designated locations (land and air patrols) • activities to reduce the risk of landmines and UXOs in Western Sahara (search, marking safe tracks, destroy, Mine awareness training) • Oversee the exchange of prisoners of war • Take steps with the parties to ensure the release of all Western Saharan political prisoners or detainees! • Implement the repatriation programme

  19. ACTIVITY OF MILITARY OBSERVERS LAAYOUNE HQ TINDOUF LO SMARA MAHBAS SMARA BIR LAHLOU MEHAIRES TIFARITI OUM DREYGA DAKHLA MIJEK AWSARD AGWANIT ALGERIA Area of responsibility: 266,000 Sq Km NS : 97 700 Sq Km SS : 159 5000 Sq Km NS SS MAURITANIA HEADQUARTER SECTOR HQ+ LO Tindouf CAMPS MAURITANIA

  20. CAMP MEHAIRES - NORTH SECTOR

  21. CURRENT SITUATIONPOSSIBLE FUTURE • STATUS QUO – extend MINURSO mandatetimetotime • Referendum basedon BAKER II. PLAN, Western-Saharabecome part of Morocco, reducedAutonomy • INDEPENDENCE?Divide WS (new idea)? • Hightension (POLISARIO) - open a war - defeat

  22. QUESTIONS?

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