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Agricultural Biotechnology

Agricultural Biotechnology . Sacha Stallman March 23 , 2014. Presentation Outline * Definition of agricultural biotechnology *Explanation of Genetically Modified Organism *Benefits of Genetically Modified Organism *Risk of Genetically modified Organism.

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Agricultural Biotechnology

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  1. Agricultural Biotechnology Sacha Stallman March 23, 2014

  2. Presentation Outline *Definition of agricultural biotechnology *Explanation of Genetically Modified Organism *Benefits of Genetically Modified Organism *Risk of Genetically modified Organism

  3. What is Agricultural Biotechnology? • *Biotechnology • - any technique that uses whole or part of a living thing to make new products, improve or develop plants, animals and other organisms for specific use • - includes Cheese, Wine, and Pharmaceutical drugs

  4. What is Agricultural Biotechnology? • *Agricultural Biotechnology • -Refers specifically to food products • -Includes techniques such as selective breeding, cloning, and genetic modification

  5. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? *A genetically modified organism is an organism whose genetic material has been changed using recombinant DNA technology. *Recominant Technology is the ability to take two different DNA molecules (both coming from different sources) and combing them.

  6. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? *A gene is the basic physical and functional units of heredity which carries information for the expression of a particular trait *This is an example of a tobacco plant that has been spliced with firefly genes.

  7. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? How is it Done? *Find an organism with the desired trait *Isolate the gene sequence that codes for the desired trait *Insert the gene sequence into the genome of the plant cell

  8. What is a Genetically Modified Organism? Common Products developed through genetic engineering

  9. Increased Harvest of Genetically Modified Foods Increase of 12%, 6.1 million hectares or 15 million acres between 2001 and 2002. Source: Clive James, 2002

  10. Benefits of Genetically Modified Organisms *Improve crop yields by creating crops that can be grown in marginal conditions -frost resistant crops -drought resistant crops -salt-tolerant crops -crops that make more efficient use of nitrogen and other nutrients

  11. Benefits of Genetically Modified Organisms *Reduced use of pesticides -Development of pest resistant crops -herbicide resistant crops *Improved nutritional quality -Development of foods designed to meet specific nutritional goals

  12. Risks of GeneticallyModifiedOrganisms *Insects might develop resistance to the pesticide-gene in the crops *Herbicide-tolerant crops may cross-pollinate weeds, resulting in "superweeds"

  13. Risks of GeneticallyModifiedOrganisms *Certain gene products may have allergens, causing harm to human health *Pesticide genes in GM crops may cause unintended harm to wildlife and beneficial insects Photo courtesy of T. W. Davies, Cal. Acad. of Sciences.

  14. References Agricultural Biotechnology of Agricultural Economics Retrieved on 3/23/14 from www.agecon.purdue.edu/extension/resources Biotechnology Industrial Organization. Retrieved on 3/25/14 from http://www.bio.org/category/40 Biotechnology Mentor’s Kit. Retrieved on 3/23/14 from www.isaaa.org/resources o Colinger, Curtis et al. Genetically Modified Foods . Retrieved on 3/25/13 from www.clfs.umd.edu/grad/mlfsc/res/GeneticallyModifiedFoods Schlenker, E and Roth, S. (2011). Williams' essentials of nutrition and diet therapy: Tenth Edition. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby Shutske, John, M (2011) The Impact of Biotechnology and Information Technology on Agricultural Worker Safety and Health Retrieved on 3/24/14 from http://www.nasdonline.org/document/1845/d001780/the-impact-of-biotechnology-and-information-technology-on.html

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