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Agricultural Biotechnology

Agricultural Biotechnology. Marshall A. Martin Professor and Associate Head Department of Agricultural Economics Purdue University March 2000. What is biotechnology?. New name for an old tool Molecular biology Genetic engineering Techniques of rDNA. Medical applications of biotechnology.

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Agricultural Biotechnology

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  1. Agricultural Biotechnology Marshall A. Martin Professor and Associate Head Department of Agricultural Economics Purdue University March 2000

  2. What is biotechnology? • New name for an old tool • Molecular biology • Genetic engineering • Techniques of rDNA

  3. Medical applications of biotechnology • Control of diabetes with Humalin or Humalog

  4. What are the new products of biotechnology? • Food ingredients, e.g., chymosin

  5. What are the new products of agricultural biotechnology? • Animal growth hormones, e.g., bST

  6. What are the new products of agricultural biotechnology? • Herbicide tolerant crops, e.g., Roundup Ready soybeans and corn and Liberty Link corn

  7. What are the new products of agricultural biotechnology? • Insect resistant crops commercially available, e.g., Bt corn, cotton, and potatoes • Corn rootworm resistance in 2001?

  8. Biotechnology Adoption: 1999 • Chymosin 80% • Bst • Farmers 15% • Herds 30% • Crops • Corn 30% • Cotton 50% • soybeans 57%

  9. What are the new products of agricultural biotechnology? • Identity-preserved or specific-attribute crops (vaccines, higher oil or starch content, additional amino acids)

  10. Who are the stakeholders? • Farmers

  11. Who are the stakeholders? • Agribusiness

  12. Who are the stakeholders? • Consumers

  13. Who are the stakeholders? • Environmentalists

  14. Who are the stakeholders? • International traders

  15. Who are the stakeholders? • Policy makers

  16. Who are the stakeholders? • Ethicists

  17. Biotechnology Critics What are their concerns?

  18. Who regulates agricultural biotechnology? • U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

  19. Who regulates agricultural biotechnology? • Environmental Protection Agency

  20. Who regulates agricultural biotechnology? • Food and Drug Administration

  21. The International Trade Controversy over GMOs • Who are our customers for agricultural commodities?

  22. U.S. Corn Use 1999 • Exports 21% • Feed 59% • Food, Seed,& Industrial 20%

  23. U.S. Shelled Corn Exports 1999 • Canada 2% • Mexico 11% • South America 8% • EU-15 <1% • Asia 60% • (Japan) (30%)

  24. U.S. Corn By-Products Exports 1999 • Canada 1% • Mexico 3% • South America 1% • EU-15 88% • Asia 6% • (Japan) (2%)

  25. U.S. Soybean Use 1999 • Exports 31% • Crush 61% • Seed & Residual 8%

  26. U.S. Soybean Exports1999 • Canada 1% • Mexico 15% • South America 1% • EU-15 26% • Asia 52% • (Japan) (16%)

  27. U.S. Soybean Meal Exports1999 • Canada 13% • Mexico 2% • South America 15% • EU-15 7% • Asia 33% • (Japan) (4%)

  28. Many Europeans uneasy about biotechnology • Strong environmental movement

  29. Many Europeans uneasy about biotechnology • Strong environmental movement • No coherent regulatory system

  30. Many Europeans uneasy about biotechnology • Strong environmental movement • No coherent regulatory system • Weak public trust in government since mad cow disease

  31. Many Europeans uneasy about biotechnology • Strong environmental movement • No coherent regulatory system • Weak public trust in government since mad cow disease • EU consumers perceive no benefits with potential risk

  32. Many Europeans uneasy about agricultural biotechnology • Strong environmental movement • No coherent regulatory system • Weak public trust in government since mad cow disease • EU consumers perceive no benefits with potential risk • Protectionist farm policies

  33. Many Europeans uneasy about agricultural biotechnology • Strong environmental movement • No coherent regulatory system • Weak public trust in government since mad cow disease • EU consumers perceive no benefits with potential risk • Protectionist farm policies • Strong support for labeling

  34. Geographic diversity in views • Least support in Austria, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, and Luxembourg

  35. Geographic diversity in views • Least support in Austria, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, and Luxembourg • More support in Portugal, Spain, Belgium, Finland, and Greece

  36. U.S. Consumer Attitudes towards Food Biotechnology • About 3/4 Americans have heard of biotechnology

  37. U.S. Consumer Attitudes towards Food Biotechnology • About 3/4 Americans have heard of biotechnology • About 1 out of 3 consumers know that GMO foods are now in our supermarkets

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