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Presented at BAQ, 2006 Yogyakarta. Indonesia 13-15 December 2006

Modelling air quality in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Bjarne Sivertsen * Vo Thanh Dam**. Presented at BAQ, 2006 Yogyakarta. Indonesia 13-15 December 2006. * Associate Research Director, NILU, Norway ** Division of Environmental Quality, Monitoring and Assessment (EQMA) at HEPA, HCMC.

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Presented at BAQ, 2006 Yogyakarta. Indonesia 13-15 December 2006

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  1. Modelling air quality in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Bjarne Sivertsen * Vo Thanh Dam** Presented at BAQ, 2006 Yogyakarta. Indonesia 13-15 December 2006 * Associate Research Director, NILU, Norway ** Division of Environmental Quality, Monitoring and Assessment (EQMA) at HEPA, HCMC

  2. 9 AQ Monitoring Sites HCMC AQI

  3. Models available in AirQUIS • Emission model • Calculates hourly emissions from area-, line- and point- sources. Stores results as field, line or point data set • Wind field model (MATHEW) • Calculates 3-dimensional hourly wind fields from measurements of wind speed and direction, temperature andvertical temperature gradient and a topography field • Dispersion model (EPISODE) • Calculates hourly and half hourly concentrations of pollutants in fields, points and along roads • Exposure model • Combines air pollution concentrations with population distribution in order to calculate exceedances

  4. GIS – select grid monitoring sites

  5. Main sources and emissions in HCMC Traffic Motor bikes ! Line sources - Area sources + Point sources

  6. Started counting traffic on main roads and streets 118 roads have been counted

  7. Remaining traffic Area source emission estimates

  8. Emissions in each Ward (motor bikes only)

  9. Emission inventory 118 roads 125 stacks (70 plants and ind.) all areas

  10. Emission of NOx along 118 roads The challenge is to estimate emission factors for HCMC present factor =0.23 g/km Total = 14 692 tons NOx /yr

  11. Emissions Meteorology Air Quality Model test and verification model test verification Operational dispersion model

  12. EPISODE models • A combined 3D Eulerian/Lagrangian model • Solves the atmospheric (mass) conservation equation in a 3D Eulerian grid • Contains separate sub-grid models for line and point sources • Contains a simple photochemical equilibrium model for NO, NO2 and O3 (default) • Contains a complete photochemical scheme for industrial and urban areas (optional) • Calculates ground level hourly concentrations

  13. NILU: EPISODE model system

  14. Early model results

  15. The first test estimates All vehicles, max hour 13-14 January 2005

  16. Estimated SO2 in Thu Duc area Some contribution from industries Mostly from traffic along Hanoi highway

  17. Model estimates in 3 receptor point Hourly calculated NOx concentrations for the receptor points: -      Binh Chanh -     Quang Trung -      Thong Nhat over estimates !

  18. Model estimates for Zoo site January 2005 Concentrations for sources close to the Zoo station

  19. Further verifications and tests Meteorological data Stability at surface Surf. layer heights Emission factors NOx line sources layer 0-50 run 981 NOx now : 30-100 ug/m3

  20. PM10 concentrations PM10 concentrations estimated every hour during 5 Jan. 2005

  21. Further work is needed • Improve input meteorology • Stability formulation for HCMC • Emission factors for motor bikes in HCMC • Complete emission inventory

  22. Goal: Clean air in HCMC • evaluate impact of options • select cost effective actions • estimate future impacts • forecast air quality

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