Warriner’s 5 th Course Unit 1

1. Warriner’s 5th Course Unit 1 Parts of Speech …and your awesome sophomore English teacher!

2. Verbs Pronouns Prepositions Eight Parts of Speech Nouns Interjections Adjectives Adverbs Conjunctions

3. Noun : • A Person • A Place • A Thing Word that names • An Idea

4. Kinds of Nouns

5. Concrete vs Abstract Nouns Concrete Noun – can be perceived by one or more of the senses Horse Abstract Noun – names an idea, a feeling, a quality, or a characteristic Courage

6. Common vs Proper Nouns Common Noun – names any one of a group of persons, places, things, or ideas. painter Proper Noun – names a particular person, place, thing, or idea Van Gogh

7. Collective Nouns & Compound Nouns Collective Nouns – names a group team bouquet sidewalk Compound Nouns– consists of two or more words that together name a person, place, thing, or idea Telephone pole

8. Homework Questions (write these sentences in your notebook) Classify the italicized noun in each of the following sentences as common, proper, collective, or compound EXAMPLE: Didn’t you want a treehouse when you were a child? ANSWER: common, compound After his term as the prime minister of Japan, Eisaku Sato was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of his efforts toward nuclear disarmament. Lamar and Yancy rowed to the middle of the lake to escape the swarm of mosquitoes on the shore. Well, yes, I do enjoy the Modern Jazz Quartet

9. The Pronoun The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns. It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea. Indefinite Pronouns anybody each either none someone, one, etc. Demonstrative Pronouns this that these those Personal Pronouns I, me, mine you, your, yours she, her, hers, it, its we,us, our, ours they, them, their, theirs myself yourself Interrogative Pronouns who whom what which whose

10. The Pronoun Personal Pronouns I, me, mine you, your, yours she, her, hers, it, its we,us, our, ours they, them, their, theirs myself yourself

11. The Pronoun Reflexive Intensive VS REFLEXIVE: Mary wrote a note to herself. INTENSIVE: Mary herself organized the school’s recycling program. HOW TO CHECK: simply remove the pronoun! If the meaning of the sentence changes, the pronoun is reflexive. If the meaning of the sentence stays the same, the pronoun is intensive. Try it with the two sentence examples above. Remove the italicized pronoun and read them out loud.

12. The Pronoun Relative Pronouns: the exception to the pronoun rule of replacement That Which Who Whom Whose EXAMPLES: The house that I showed you on the internet is for sale. She is the woman who is running for mayor. A RELATIVE PRONOUN introduces an adjective clause (or put simply – a group of words that further clarify a noun used in the sentence.)

13. The Pronoun FINAL THOUGHT on pronouns – pronouns USUALLY replace or refer to something else. Always be aware of what it is replacing! If it is NOT replacing something…could it be a RELATIVE PRONOUN, introducing an adjective clause?

14. Homework Questions (write these sentences in your notebook) Identify the pronouns in the following sentences. Then, classify each pronoun as personal, reflexive, intensive, demonstrative, interrogative, relative, or indefinite. EXAMPLE: Someone told me they had moved to Iowa. ANSWER: Someone – indefinite; me – personal (1st person); they – personal (3rd) Devon himself knew everyone who had a ticket or could get one for him at a low price. (hint – there are FIVE) What is the name of the large body of water that borders Ethiopia? Either of their formats will work, but we prefer another.

15. The Adjective Modifies or describes a noun or pronoun. Answers these questions: Did you lose your address book? Which? Is that a wool sweater? What kind? Just give me five minutes. How many?

16. Homework Questions (write these sentences in your notebook) Identify the adjectives and the words they modify in each of the following sentences. EXAMPLE: Put those aluminum cans in that empty box in the hall closet. ANSWER: those, aluminum – cans; that, empty – box; hall – closet You need four cups of flour for this recipe. Speaking of the space program, which astronaut do you admire more – Lt. Col. Eileen Collins or Dr. Mae C. Jemison?

17. Adjective? Noun? Pronoun? A word can be used as one part of speech in one context and as a different part of speech in another context Which museum did you visit? Which modifies the noun museum…so it is an adjective in this sentence. Which did you visit? Which takes the place of the noun museum…so it is a pronoun in this sentence. I caught a huge tuna the last time I went deep sea fishing. Tuna is a noun in this sentence. I can’t wait to have a tuna sandwich! Tuna modifies the noun sandwich…so it is an adjective in this sentence.

18. Homework Questions (write these sentences in your notebook) Tell whether each italicized word in the following sentences is used as a noun, a pronoun, or an adjective. If the word is used as an adjective, give the word it modifies. EXAMPLE: Most people do not realize the tremendous number of books the library has available for them. ANSWER: Most – adjective – people; tremendous – adjective – number; them - pronoun We had a family reunion at my grandparents’ house last summer. Oboe players carry extra reeds with them because of the possibility that a reed might split during a performance.

19. The Verb A word that expresses action or otherwise helps to make a statement Action “be” verbs & taste feel sound look appear become seem grow remain stay Subject Linking predicate

20. Every sentence must have VERB a

21. Action verbs express mental or physical action. • Linking verbs make a statement by connecting the subject with a word that describes or explains it. Kinds of Verbs He rode the horse to victory. He has been sick.

22. Try substituting a form of the verb be. If the sentence still makes sense, the verb is probably a LINKING VERB The milk smelled sour. I smelled the milk to see whether it was fresh. The milk was sour. How to tell if it’s a LINKING VERB The verb was can sensibly replace the word smelled. “Smelled” in this sentence, is a linking verb. I was the milk to see whether it was fresh. The verb cannot replace the word smelled. “Smelled, ” in this sentence, is an action verb.

23. Once you have determined between a linking verb and an action verb, now you can identify this step The milk smelledsour. The milk wassour. I smelled the milk to see whether it was fresh. “Sour” is now identified as a SUBJECT COMPLEMENT because the linking verb “smelled” links the description to the subject. Just think of the linking verb as an “=“ sign. “milk” is an OBJECT because it is receiving the action. . Object vs Subject Complement THE TAKE-AWAY? If there’s a LINKING VERB – look for a SUBJECT COMPLEMENT If there’s an ACTION VERB – look for an OBJECT receiving that action.

24. A TRANSITIVE verb has an object – a word that tells who or what receives the action Mr. Smith explained the problem carefully. . Mr. Smith explained carefully. The object problem receives the action of explained. Explained is a transitive verb. TRANSITIVE vs INTRANSITIVE VERBS There is no object receiving the verb explained so it is now an intransitive verb.

25. Homework Questions (write these sentences in your notebook) Identify the verbs and verb phrases in the following sentences. Then classify each verb or verb phrase as transitive action, intransitive action, or intransitive linking. Give the object (s) of each transitive action verb and the subject complement(s) of each linking verb , when applicable. EXAMPLE: The word igloo derives from the Inuit word iglu, which means “house.” ANSWER: derives – intransitive action; means – transitive action – “house” Because a newly borrowed word often sounds unfamiliar, people sometimes do hear it correctly. Linguists generally know popular but inaccurate word histories as “folk etymology.”

26. The Adverb Modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Answers the questions: How? He ran quickly. When? She left yesterday. We went there. Where? It was too hot! To what degree or how much?

27. Kinds of Adverbs Interrogative Adverbs introduce questions How did you break your leg? How? When does your plane leave? When? How often do you run? How often? Where? Where did you put the mouse trap?

28. ThePreposition A preposition introduces a noun or pronoun or a phrase or clause functioning in the sentence as a noun. The word or word group that the preposition introduces is itsobject. They received a postcard from Bobby telling about his tripto Canada.

29. The prepositionnever stands alone! noun object of preposition preposition pronoun object You can press those leaves underglass. preposition can have more than one object Her telegram toNina and Ralph brought good news. object can have modifiers It happened during the last examination.

30. Some Common Prepositions behind below beneath beside between beyond by down during except for from in into like of off on over past since through throughout to toward under underneath until up upon with within without aboard about above across after against along among around at before

31. Nouns found in Prepositional Phrases can NEVER be the SUBECT of that sentence! noun object of preposition preposition pronoun object You can press those leaves underglass. preposition “glass” cannot be the subject of the sentence! Her telegram toNina and Ralph brought good news. Neither Nina nor Ralph are subjects! It happened during the last examination.

32. The conjunction Aconjunction is a word that joins words or groups of words. or and neither/nor either/or but

33. The interjection is an exclamatory word that expresses emotion Goodness! What a cute baby! Wow! Look at that sunset!

34. That’s all for now. . . Please have your 12 questions written neatly on a removable sheet of paper, ready to turn in on its designated due date!