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Environmental Planning

Environmental Planning. Evolution of Planning. Planning as Design (1850-1950) Planning as regulation 1925 – Planning as Applied Science 1940 – Planning as Politics 1965 – Planning as Communication 1975 – Planning as Collaboration 1990 –

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Environmental Planning

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  1. Environmental Planning

  2. Evolution of Planning Planning as Design (1850-1950) Planning as regulation 1925 – Planning as Applied Science 1940 – Planning as Politics 1965 – Planning as Communication 1975 – Planning as Collaboration 1990 – Planning as Integration of Policy, Science, Collaboration, Design 2000 -

  3. Approaches to Management • Reactive • Whack-a-Mole • Proactive • Environment-first. • Taking measures to protect and enhance the environment • Participatory • Early consideration of natural and social factors

  4. Approaches to the Process • Rational-comprehensive • Five (basic) steps of a scientific method • Objectives • Gathering Information • Specifying Alternatives • Analyzing Impacts • Evaluation

  5. Approaches to the Process • Incrementalism • Lindblom’s “Muddling Through” • Rational approach unrealistic and unworkable • Baby Steps

  6. Approaches to the Process • Participatory • Bringing stakeholders into the process • Advocacy • Recognizing that some stakeholders have access to the process only in theory • Mobilization and representation needed

  7. Interdisciplinary Considerations Engineering Economics Politics Participatory Law

  8. Environmental Economics • Cost-benefit • Equity • Risk / Uncertainty • Present Value of Money or Resources • Recognizes that the nominal value of something in the future is less than what it is today • Utility • The usefulness of a thing or an activity. • Individual utility, social utility

  9. Environmental Economics • Value • Existence value • Value of resource merely because it exists among us • Bequest value • Value to future generations • Insurance value • Value to the future of unknown benefits

  10. Environmental Law (common law) • Common Law (case law and custom, not statutes) • Use of Nuisance Doctrine • Use of Public Trust Doctrine • Nuisance • Non-physical trespass • Involving Negative Externalities • Private vs Public

  11. Environmental Law (common law) • Public Trust Doctrine • Ancient doctrine • Sovereign as trustee of commonly held resources • Tidelands • Navigable waterways • Air resources

  12. Environmental Law (property law) • Constitutional Law • Private property (individual rights) • Eminent Domain (public powers) • Police Powers (public control over privately held property)

  13. Role of Planner Technician Facilitator Regulator Negotiator Political advisor Designer/Visionary Advocate

  14. Evaluation • Partial evaluation (see spreadsheet) • Comprehensive evaluation • Criteria • Physical & biological feasibility • Economic efficiency • Distributional equity • Social and cultural acceptability • Administrative feasibility

  15. Evaluation (cont) • Decision rules (for comprehensive eval) • Maximize one criteria • Meet minimum levels of all criteria • Maximize one, meet minimum of all other • Rank criteria and maximize from high to low • Weight each criterion & use sum of weighted factors • Matrix approach (very subjective)

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