Warm Up – How do cultural and societal differences between peoples cause conflict?

1. Warm Up – How do cultural and societal differences between peoples cause conflict? Today I am learning about the Antebellum Period because the Antebellum Period sparked the division between the North and the South.

2. The South's "Peculiar Institution"

3. Cotton = Slavery

4. Slave Auction Notice, 1823

5. The Culture of Slavery • Black Christianity [Baptists or Methodists]: * more emotional worship services. * negro spirituals. • “Pidgin” or Gullah languages. • West African traditions combined with southern lifestyle to make a unique culture • Importance of music in their lives. [esp. spirituals]. • Trickster tales • Southern foods

6. The Life of Slavery • Lowest level of society • Worked from sunrise to after sunset * break during rainy weather, winter months, and a few holidays. *Except in the busy season, most owners gave slaves time off on Saturday afternoon and on Sundays. • Field hands, servants, cooks, nursemaids, skilled artisans and even factory workers • Best interest to keep them healthy and productive • Georgia did not legally recognize marriages

7. Slave Auction: Charleston, SC-1856

8. A Slave Family

9. Slave Accoutrements Slave leg irons Slave tag, SC Slave shoes

10. Slave Accoutrements Slave MasterBrands Slave muzzle

11. Anti-Slave Pamphlet

12. Slave Resistance & Uprisings

13. Slave Resistance • “SAMBO” pattern of behavior used as a charade in front of whites [the innocent, laughing black man caricature – bulging eyes, thick lips, big smile, etc.].

14. Slave Resistance • Refusal to work hard. • Isolated acts of sabotage. • Escape via the Underground Railroad.

15. Runaway Slave Ads

16. Quilt Patterns as Secret Messages The Monkey Wrench pattern, on the left, alerted escapees to gather up tools and prepare to flee; the Drunkard Path design, on the right, warned escapees not to follow a straight route.

17. Slave Rebellions Throughout the Americas

18. Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South Gabriel Prosser1800 1822

19. Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South: Nat Turner, 1831

20. The Culture of Slavery • Black Christianity [Baptists or Methodists]: * more emotional worship services. * negro spirituals. • “Pidgin” or Gullah languages. • Nuclear family with extended kin links,where possible. • Importance of music in their lives. [esp. spirituals].

21. Southern Pro-SlaveryPropaganda

22. Quick Write – write a diary entry of a day in the life of a slave.

23. Antebellum Southern Society

24. Characteristics of the Antebellum South • Primarily agrarian • Economic power shifted from the “upper South” to the “lower South” • “Cotton Is King!” * 1860--> 5 mil. bales a yr (57% of total US exports) • Very slow development of industry • Rudimentary financial system • Developing transportation system

25. Antebellum Social Ladder Planters, bankers, lawyers, and merchants Yeoman farmers Poor whites Free blacks Black slaves

26. Yeoman Farmer’s Dogtrot Cabin

27. Slaves posing in front of their cabin on a Southern plantation.

28. Southern Society (1850) “Slavocracy”[plantation owners] 6,000,000 The “Plain Folk”[white yeoman farmers] Black Freemen 250,000 Black Slaves3,200,000 Total US Population --> 23,000,000[9,250,000 in the South = 40%]

29. Georgian Society (1850) “Slavocracy”[plantation owners] 600,000 The “Plain Folk”[white yeoman farmers] Black Freemen 3,500 Black Slaves381,600 Total US Population --> 23,000,000[985,100 in Georgia = 4.3%]

30. Southern Population (1860)

31. Antebellum Southern Economy

32. Graniteville Textile Co. Founded in 1845, it was the South’s first attempt at industrialization in Richmond, VA

33. Southern Agriculture

34. Slaves Picking Cottonon a Plantation

35. Slaves Using the Cotton Gin

36. The Growth of King Cotton 1820 1860

37. King Cotton in Georgia Late 1700s – Sea Island Cotton 1793 – Eli Whitney and the Cotton Gin Short-fiber variety grows inland Georgia’s Piedmont and Coastal Plain ideal Georgia’s Fall Line attracted planters – fast moving water could power cotton gins, textile mills, and factories 1820s – Steamboats and 1840s – Railroad By 1850 “Empire State of the South”

38. Value of Cotton Exports As % of All US Exports

39. “Hauling the Whole Week’s Pickings”William Henry Brown, 1842

40. Antebellum Southern Plantation Life

41. Tara – Plantation Reality or Myth? Hollywood’s Version?

42. Jarrell Plantation - Reality Jones County, GA Version

43. Life of a Planter • Successful Plantation required hard work • Minimum of 20 field slaves • Often used overseers or trusted slaves to assist in running the operation • Typical plantation home - plain, unpainted, and modestly furnished • The wife often oversaw day-to-day needs • *food, clothing, and health needs of family and slaves

44. Slave-Owning Population (1850)

45. Slave-Owning Families (1850)

46. A Real Georgia Plantation

47. Slaves posing in front of their cabin on a Southern plantation.

48. The Southern “Belle”

49. The Privileged Class… • Elite of Georgian society • Enjoyed a comfortable life • * barbecues and political gatherings, church functions, frequent visitors, riding , hunting and traveling abroad • With a successful plantation, planters could spend time on political office • Many prided themselves on an extensive library • Young sent to private schools close to home • Sons often sent to the North for education and daughters to female seminaries

50. Scarlet and Mammie(Hollywood Again!)