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Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Protista. Protists. Eukaryotes Unicellular/ multicellular Some photosynthetic Some Heterotrophic Some are parasitic/other mutualistic Appeared over 1 billion years ago. Amoeboid Movement .

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Kingdom Protista

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  1. Kingdom Protista

  2. Protists • Eukaryotes • Unicellular/multicellular • Some photosynthetic • Some Heterotrophic • Some are parasitic/other mutualistic • Appeared over 1 billion years ago

  3. Amoeboid Movement • Many unicellular protists move by changing their shape, a process that makes use of cytoplasmic projections known as pseudopods. • Ex: Amoeba • called amoeboid movement • powered by protein called actin

  4. Cilia and Flagella Ciliates – have cilia Flagellates – have flagella Flagella are relatively long and usually number only one or two per cell Ex: euglena • Cilia are short and numerous • ex: paramecium

  5. Ciliates • Paramecium and other ciliates use their cilia to sweep food particles into the gullet, an indentation in one side of the organism. • The particles are trapped in the gullet and forced into food vacuoles that form at its base.

  6. Passive Movement • Some protists are nonmotile—they depend on air or water currents and other organisms to carry them around. • form reproductive cells called spores • live as parasites • Ex: Plasmodium, which is carried by mosquitoes and causes malaria

  7. Slime Molds • A slime mold is a heterotrophic protist that thrives on decaying organic matter. • Slime molds are found in places that are damp and rich in organic matter—on the floor of a forest or a backyard compost pile, for example. • Slime molds play key roles in recycling nutrients in an ecosystem.

  8. Cell Division • Amoebas, and many other protists, reproduce by mitosis: • They duplicate their genetic material and then divide into two genetically identical cells. • enables protists to reproduce rapidly • produces cells that are genetically identical • limits the development of genetic diversity

  9. Conjugation • Paramecia and most ciliates reproduce asexually by mitotic cell division. • under stress, paramecia can remake themselves through conjugation—a process in which two organisms exchange genetic material • After conjugating, the cells then reproduce by mitosis.

  10. Conjugation

  11. Sexual Reproduction • Many protists have complex sexual life cycles in which they alternate between a diploid and a haploid phase, a process known as alternation of generations.

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