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SPACE COMMUNICATION

SPACE COMMUNICATION. PRESENTED BY : NABARUN SINHAMAHAPATRA(55) Nirmal haldar (56) Avijit nandi (26) Partha pal(60) Chandi charan jana (31). CONTENTS. SL NAME SLIDE NO NO . INTRODUCTION 3 – 4

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SPACE COMMUNICATION

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  1. SPACECOMMUNICATION PRESENTED BY: NABARUN SINHAMAHAPATRA(55) Nirmalhaldar(56) Avijitnandi(26) Partha pal(60) Chandicharanjana(31)

  2. CONTENTS SLNAMESLIDE NO NO. • INTRODUCTION 3 – 4 • OBJECTIVES 5 • SPACE NETWORK 6 - 11 ARCHITECHTURE • COMMUNICATION 12 - 15 DIFFICULTIES • SOLUTION OF SPACE 16 COMMUNICATION • PRESENT OR NEW 17 TECHNOLOGIES • OPTICAL SPACE 18 COMMUNICATION • TRANSMISSION PROTOCOLS 19 SPACE COMMUNICATION • SATELLITE COMMUNICATION 20 – 22 • MAN IN SPACE COMMUNICATION 23 • CONCEPT OF INTERPLANETARY INTERNET 24 - 25 • CONCLUSION

  3. INTRODUCTION • Development of efficient and intelligent protocol for space environment is deeply felt. • IIP is newly conceived. • More emphasis is given to Dynamic Routing Protocol (DRP)

  4. WHATIS SPACE COMMUNICATION? • Communication between a vehicle in outer space and Earth . • Provision for such communication is essential in any space mission. • Total communication system includes:- 1. Command 2. Telemetry 3.Tracking

  5. OBJECTIVES • Time-insensitive Scientific data delivery • Time-sensitive Scientific data delivery • Mission Status Telemetry • Command and Control

  6. SPACE NETWORK ARCHITECHTURE • Backbone or Interplanetary Network or Deep Space. • Orbital Network. • Proximity Network or Surface Network.

  7. BACKBONE NETWORK • Earth – Mars Network • Earth – Orbital Network • Earth – Lagrangian – Relay - Orbital (Multi-Hop) Network

  8. DEEP SPACE SCENARIO

  9. ORBITAL NETWORK • Access Network • Inter – Orbital Network • Inter – Spacecraft & Intra – Spacecraft Network

  10. PROXIMITY NETWORK • Sensor Networks • Inter – surface Element Networks • Human – Robot Network

  11. SPACE NETWORK BACK-BONE ORBITAL PROXIMITY SURFACE HUMAN ROBOT SENSOR ACCESS EARTH-LAGRANGIAN EARTH-MARS EARTH-ORBITAL INTER ORBITAL SPACE- CRAFT

  12. TRANSMISSION PROTOCOLS FOR SPACE COMMUNICATION Path service Internet service

  13. COMMUNICATION DIFFICULTIES IN SPACE ENVIRONMENT • Deep space • Surface • Orbital

  14. DIFFICULTIES IN DEEP-SPACE NETWORK • Very high & variable propagation delay. • High link error rates or error prone links. • Blackout or intermittent connectivity. • Bandwidth(BW) asymmetry. • Security.

  15. DIFFICULTIESIN ORBITAL NETWORK • Weight , Cost & Power. • Latency. • Gravitational Fluctuations. • The Sun’s Interface. • Doppler’s Effect. • Orbital Debris.

  16. DIFFICULTIESIN SURFACE NETWORK • Noise & power issue. • Intermittent connection.

  17. SOLUTION OF SPACE PROBLEMS • TCP/IP Extension. • DTN. • CCSDS/CFDP. • Data centric , Position based Routing. • IIP.

  18. PRESENT OR NEW TECHNOLOGIES • DSN Antennas. • Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System(TDRSS).

  19. OPTICAL SPACE COMMUNICATION

  20. SATELLITE COMMUNICATION • Two Stations on Earth want to communicate through radio broadcast but are too far away to use conventional means. • The two stations can use a satellite as a relay station for their communication. • One Earth Station sends a transmission to the satellite. This is called a Uplink. • One Earth Station receives a transmission from the satellite. This is called a downlink.

  21. ADVANTAGE OF SATELLITES • Coverage area of a satellite greatly exceeds. • Transmission cost • Satellite to Satellite communication is very precise. • Higher Bandwidths

  22. DISADVANTAGES OF SATELLITES • Launching satellites into orbit is costly. • There is a larger propagation delay in satellite communication than in terrestrial communication.

  23. RECENT TRENDS • Space stations • Interplanetary Internet • Men in space communication • Future development targets

  24. SPACE STATIONS • Manned satellite designed to remain in LEO for a long period of time. • A space station is distinguished from other manned spacecraft by its lack of major propulsion or landing facilities. • Only space station currently in orbit is ISS.

  25. LIST OF SPACE STATIONS • he Soviet space stations came in two types, the civilian Durable Orbital Station (DOS), and the military Almaz stations. • Salyut space stations (USSR, 1971–1986) • Salyut 1 (1971, 1 crew and 1 failed docking) • DOS-2 (1972, launch failure) • Salyut 2/Almaz (1973, failed shortly after launch) • Cosmos 557 (1973, re-entered eleven days after launch) • Salyut 3/Almaz (1974, 1 crew and 1 failed docking) • Salyut 4 (1975, 2 crews and 1 planned crew failed to achieve orbit) • Salyut 5/Almaz (1976–1977, 2 crews and 1 failed docking) • Salyut 6 (1977–1981, 16 crews (5 long duration, 11 short duration and 1 failed docking) • Salyut 7 (1982–1986, 10 crews (6 long duration, 4 short duration and 1 failed docking) • Skylab (USA, 1973–1974, 3 crews) • Mir (USSR/Russia, 1986–2000, 28 long duration crews) • International Space Station (ISS) (United States, European Space Agency, Japan, Russia, and Canada 2000-ongoing, 24 long duration crews as of July 2010)

  26. CONCEPTS OFINTERPLANETARY INTERNET • IPN(Inter Planetary Internet) is a conceived computer network, consisting of a set of network nodes which can communicate with each other. • IPN study was started by a team of scientists at JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) at NASA. • Communication would be greatly delayed by the great interplanetary distances. • So the IPN needs a new set of protocols  and technology . • The InterPlanetary Internet Special Interest Group of the Internet Society has worked hard on defining these protocols and standards that would make the IPN possible.

  27. THEINTERPLANETARY INTERNET

  28. MAN IN SPACE COMMUNICATION • A Communication system is being built for the Lunar Excursion Module(LEM). • This system will provide communication links between the LEM & Earth. • The functional requirements for LEM system :- 1.Voice communication. 2.Telemetry. 3.Television. 4.Range information. 5.Biomedical data.

  29. FUTURE DEVELOPMENT: TARGETS & MILESTONES • People’s Republic of China is expected to launch its first space station named Tiangong 1 in the 1st half of 2011. • U.S. company Bigelow Aerospace is developing the Bigelow Commercial Space Station, a private orbital complex. • Galactic Suite is a space hotel planned to be operational by 2012.

  30. CONCLUSION • The cause of poor performance of IP(Internet Protocol) in space has been studied. • Many strategies that have been put forward as solution give emphasis on DRP(Dynamic Routing Protocol). • So, DRP will be put into simulation for space communication . • The results extracted will prove its suitability in space communication.

  31. ANY QUESTIONS?

  32. THANK YOU SPECIAL THANKS TO:- AMIYA KUMAR SARKAR , Our mentor

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