Scaling Up to National Food Security Programmes: Concepts and Example 19-21 July 2005

1. Scaling Up to National Food Security Programmes: Concepts and Example 19-21 July 2005 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

2. Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS) Mission: Mandated by WFS to provide special assistance to developing countries to achieve the goal of halving hunger by 2015 Approach: To help countries prepare and implement national and regional food security programmes, drawing on international models, FAO’s capacities and engaging with other partners

3. Initial Components Water and soil management: Improving soil conditions and moisture availability, small water harvesting, low-cost drainage and irrigation systems (e.g. treadle pumps) Raising productivity on a sustainable basis : Improved and accessible technologies and farmingpractices (e.g. IPM) Farm diversification: Better household nutrition and livelihoods throughsmall-scale animal husbandry (e.g. poultry, goats), aquaculture, agroforestry, storage and agro-processing Participatory analysis of socio-economic constraintsand opportunities:focusing on food security constraints, based on food production and income, access to natural resources and markets, social equity issues and policy issues

4. SPFSOver 10 years of lessons learned • Projects began with piloting small-scale, low-cost technical interventions that provided a specific focus for national/local authorities to see and believe – but many programmes became stuck in “pilot-mode” • Technology driven methods gradually included community-based participatory approaches • Nurturing national ownership takes time but is worth it in terms of up scaling • ACTION-ACTION-ACTION is needed while learning from mistakes along the way • South-South Cooperation provided innovative insights but requires good preparation and maintenance

5. KCal/person/day 2400 2200 Full Day’s Work 2000 1800 400 Light Work (current) 1600 200 1400 1200 Maintenance/ low activity/ lassitude 1000 800 1,400 600 400 200 0 Modest Increases in Calorie Intake have Substantial Effects Raising human energy supplies for undernourished people

6. Moving from Pilot Projects to National Scale Programmes • Focus on countries with strong political commitment • Up-scaling in over 30 countries • Integration with PRSP and MDG processes • Twin-track approach • Food productivity and income • Direct access to food • Broadening Programme components • Policy reform • Institutional strengthening • Capacity building • Broadening Partnerships

7. From: To: Production only Production and access Large number of rural people at low cost (millions of farmers) Relatively few farmers at high cost (thousands of farmers) Better-off amongst the poor Food-insecure, vulnerable families Sustainable production growth, livelihoods diversification and improved nutrition High productivity gains Community-based farmer facilitators, better use of local resources Public sector extensionists and purchased inputs Central management Decentralized management Changing Gear from Pilot to National Programmes

8. Sierra Leone OFTN Example • National food security programme est. 2003 after study tours and planning meetings. • Rapid development of 14 district programmes including coordinator TOT and local facilitator TOT with 17,000 farmers participating in seasonal community-based training and network development • Linked to UNDP and NGO programmes • Operationalization of the PRSP Pillar II and under Right to Food • Quick win – investment in farmer management skills improve productivity and creates network for seed distribution, market networks, processing • Quick win – off season food for work (needed), school gardens/feeding

9. Njaa Marufuku Kenya • Start up phase (detailed draft presented in Annex 4): immediate and urgent action in 2005 through a Fast Track Action Plan that focuses on community action and the implementation of social safety nets, including a proposed Community feeding programmes, and food for work activities in support of natural resource conservation • Estimated investment: US$10.0 million (KSh 780 million). The Government of Kenya through H.E. the President has already pledged US$1million (KSh 80million) towards immediate implementation activities. • 5-year plan: this focuses on the most food insecure population groups in targeting 1,000,000 rural families by 2010 through a focus on community empowerment, decentralized management, enabling policies, emergency prevention, improved information systems and the strengthening of partnerships. The 5-year plan builds on success stories in rural parts of Kenya and therefore should result in rapid impact at community level. • Estimated investment: minimum of US$70 million (KSh 5.6 billion). • 10-year full implementation plan: this plan (2006-2015) complements the above short/medium-term plans in addressing the broader objectives of the UN-HTF Report, building on the SRA and the MDG-1 Needs Assessment Report for Kenya; it is intended that this plan includes development-oriented programmes, as well as productive safety nets for hunger reduction. • Estimated investment: (to be elaborated by inter-sectoral TWG based on global US$8.5 billion MDG-1 Needs Assessment Report)

10. Conclusions • POLICY ISSUES: • National ownership for sustainability • ACTION-ACTION-ACTION • Direct transfers and safety nets combined with programmes for increased production are key ways forward • Small production changes can make big household changes in vulnerable households • Low cost technologies and improved management for water supply, intensification and diversification can lead to household food security • INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES: • “Up scaling” is a process of “scaling out” under more local programmes and with participation in each community