1 / 39

Early African Societies & The Bantu Migrations (2)

Early African Societies & The Bantu Migrations (2). Early Agricultural Society in Africa Climatic Change & the Development of Agriculture in Africa Early Sudanic Agriculture Climatic Change The Nile River Valley. The Nile Valley. Early African Societies.

aideen
Download Presentation

Early African Societies & The Bantu Migrations (2)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Early African Societies & The Bantu Migrations (2) • Early Agricultural Society in Africa • Climatic Change & the Development of Agriculture in Africa • Early Sudanic Agriculture • Climatic Change • The Nile River Valley The Nile Valley HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  2. Early African Societies • Early Agricultural Society in Africa • Early Agricultural Society in Africa • Egypt and Nubia: “Gifts of the Nile” • Early Agriculture in the Nile Valley • Political Organization The Nile Valley, 3000-2000 B.C.E. HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  3. Early African Societies • The Unification of Egypt • The Archaic Period & the Old Kingdom • Relations Between Egypt & Nubia • The Early Kingdom of Kush The Narmer Palatte HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  4. First Old Kingdom Pyramid, step Pyramid of Djoser ~ Saqqara HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  5. HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller Pyramid of Khufu ~ The Great Pyramid

  6. Original Entrance Shaft Forced Entrance Tunnel HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller NO Climbing sign

  7. The Great Sphinx ~ Old Kingdom Guard Sphinx ~ 240 ‘ long, 66 ‘ high HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  8. Early African Societies Sources From The Past: Harkhuf’s Expedition to Nubia “The majesty of [Pharoah] Mernere, my lord, sent me together with my father. . .to [the Nubian kingdom] of Yam to open the way to that country. I did it in seven months; I brought from it all kinds of beautiful and rare gifts, and was praised for it greatly…” HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  9. Early African Societies Sources From The Past: Harkhuf’s Expeditions to Nubia “When you arrive at the residence and this pygmy is with you live, hale and healthy, my majesty will do great things for you, more than was done for the [royal official] Bawerded in the time pf King Isesi, in accordance with my majesty’s wish to see this pygmy.” HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  10. Early African Societies • Imperial Egypt • Turmoil & Empire • The Middle Kingdom • The Hyksos • The New Kingdom • Egyptian Imperialism • The Revived Kingdom of Kush Imperial Egypt, 1400 B.C.E. HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  11. Early African Societies • The Formation of Complex Societies and Sophisticated Cultural Traditions • The Emergence of Cities and Stratified Societies • Cities of the Nile Valley • Social Classes • Patriarchal Society Imperial Egypt, 1400 B.C.E. HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  12. Early African Societies • The Formation of Complex Societies and Sophisticated Cultural Traditions • Economic Specialization and Trade • Bronze Metallurgy • Iron Metallurgy • Transportation • Trade Networks Imperial Egypt, 1400 B.C.E. HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  13. Early African Societies • The Formation of Complex Societies and Sophisticated Cultural Traditions • Early Writing in the Nile Valley • Hieroglyphic Writing • Education • Meroitic Writing Imperial Egypt, 1400 B.C.E. HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  14. Hieroglyphs • “Sacred Writings” • Preserved on papyrus, made from reeds • Simplified form: hieratic script, 2600 BCE-600 CE • Rosetta Stone, discovered 1799 • Hieroglyphs • Demotic (“popular”) • Greek • Pictographs • Meroitic language recorded in alphabet after 5th century BCE Rosetta stone HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  15. The New Kingdom • Few pyramids, but major monumental architectural projects • Engaged in empire-building to protect against foreign invasion • Local resistance drives Egypt out of Nubia • Kingdom of Kush revives c. 1100 BCE • Invasions of Kushites, Assyrians destroy Egypt mid 6th century BCE HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  16. Egyptian Urban Culture • Major cities along Nile river, especially at delta • Memphis c. 3100 BCE, Heliopolis c. 2900 BCE • Nubian cities include Kerma, Napata, Meroë • Located at cataracts of the Nile • Well-defined social classes • Pharaohs to slaves • Archaeological discoveries in Nubia also support class-based society • Patriarchal societies, notable exceptions: female Pharaoh Hatshepsut (r. 1473-1458 BCE) HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  17. Pharaoh (Queen) Hatshepsut – Temple of Dayr al-Bahri ~ West Bank, Luxor HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  18. Economic Specialization • Bronze metallurgy introduced late, with Hyksos invasion • Development of iron early, c. 900 BCE • Trade along Nile river • More difficult in Nubia due to cataracts • Sea trade in Mediterranean HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  19. Early African Societies • The Formation of Complex Societies & Sophisticated Cultural Traditions • The Development of Organized Religious Traditions • Amon & Re • Aten & Monotheism • religious turmoil • Amarna Heresy • Amenhotep III • Amenhotep IV - Akhenaten • Mummification • Cult of Osiris • Nubian Religious Beliefs HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller Temple to Amon ~ Karnak

  20. HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller Temple of Karnak ~ Thebes (modern Luxor)

  21. Temple of Karnak ~ Thebes (modern Luxor) HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  22. Temple of Karnak ~ Thebes (modern Luxor) HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  23. HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller Temple of Karnak ~ Thebes (modern Luxor)

  24. Temple of Karnak, early 20th c HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  25. Temple of Karnak, early 20th c HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  26. Temple of Karnak, early 20th c HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  27. New Kingdom -Colossi of Memnon, Pharaoh Amenhotep III – 14th c BCE HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  28. Akhenaten Nefertiti Akhenaten HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  29. Tutankhamen HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  30. Tutankhamen HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  31. Abu Simbel – Temple of Ramses beloved of Amun, 1244 BCE Nubia HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  32. Contemporary Egypt ~ Tourism & culture HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller Family on road to Saqqara

  33. Contemporary Egypt ~ Tourism & culture School girls at Citadel ~ Cairo HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  34. Contemporary Egypt ~ Tourism & culture HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller School boys at Citadel ~ Cairo

  35. Contemporary Egypt ~ Tourism & culture Citadel ~ Cairo HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  36. Contemporary Egypt ~ Tourism & culture Globalism ~ Cairo HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  37. Early African Societies & the Bantu Migrations • Bantu Migrations & Early Agricultural Societies of Sub-Saharan Africa • The Dynamics of Bantu Expansion • The Bantu • Bantu Migrations • Iron & Migration The Bantu Migrations, 2000 B.C.E. – 1000 C.E. HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  38. Early African Societies & the Bantu Migrations • Bantu Migrations & Early Agricultural Societies of Sub-Saharan Africa • Bantu Religion ~ early monotheism • Deistic views as well • Prayers to intercessors, e.g. ancestor spirits • Great variations among populations • Migrations • Migration throughout sub-Saharan regions • Population pressures • Bantu language • Over 500 variations of original • 90 million speakers • By 1000 BCE, occupied most of Africa south of the equator HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

  39. Nile River ValleyEgyptiansNubiansMenes (Unification of Egypt) Old/Middle/New KingdomAmon, Amon-Re, Aten hieroglyphic writing Papyrus Mummification Cult of Osiris The HyksosKingdom of Kush Hatshepsut Hyksos Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton) Amarna heresy The Bantu ~ migration Key Words & Terms (2) HIST2321 Dr. C. Keller

More Related