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Textiles

Textiles. Natural Man-made Synthetic . Fibers. Basic Unit of all Textile Products- tiny hair like.

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Textiles

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  1. Textiles Natural Man-made Synthetic

  2. Fibers • Basic Unit of all Textile Products- tiny hair like. • All fibers have their own characteristics and properties, depending upon their source, chemical composition, and quality. No fiber is perfect. Each has some good, fair, and poor qualities that may make it suitable or unsuitable for certain uses.

  3. Fibers con’t • The basic characteristics of a fiber can be slightly altered but never totally changed. The fiber may be short, long, straight, or curly. These fiber characteristics greatly affect the appearance, and performance of the fabrics they are made into. • The Characteristics you look for in children’s clothing is totally different that you would look for in evening wear for yourself. • Thus an understanding of fibers, yarns, and fabrics if basic to the study of apparel.

  4. Yarns • Formed by a continuous strand of fibers usually twisted together.

  5. Fabrics • Are formed when yarns are combined. Fabrics may be constructed using a variety of different methods such as: • Weaving • Knitting • Felting

  6. Fiber Sources • Natural- Plant or Animal fiber that grows in nature. Two categories: Cellulosic Fibers (plant), and Protein Fibers (animal). Include: Cotton, Linen, Wool, Silk, Ramie, Hemp, Jute, Bamboo, Leather

  7. Fiber Sources (con’t) • Man-made- Made from a Natural material called Cellulose. The cellulose is turned into a liquid and poured through a spinneret. Includes: Acetate, Rayon, Triacetate, Lyocell. • Spinneret- Like a showerhead, that sprays out chemicals that harden into long strands called filament fibers.

  8. Fiber Sources (con’t) • Synthetic- Made from chemicals, petroleum, coal, and natural gas. All of these fibers are manufactured from different combinations of petroleum, natural gas, air and water. They are poured through a spinneret. Include: Acrylic, Polyester, Nylon, Modacrylic, Spandex, and Olefin.

  9. Fiber Structures • Staple Fibers- Short & Fuzzy- Usually between 1” and 4” long. These tiny fibers already exist in a plant or animal. The fibers just need to be cleaned up, sorted, and purified before they are used for fabrics. • Short • Look lumpy and bumpy under a microscope • Include all natural fibers, except silk

  10. Fiber Structures (con’t) • Filament Fibers- Long and smooth (like fishing line) • Include all man-made, and synthetic fibers • Include Silk Spinneret- All man-made and Synthetic fibers are poured through a Spinneret to create the fiber.

  11. Natural Fibers • Cotton • Flax (Linen) • Wool • Silk • Hemp • Bamboo • Ramie • Leather

  12. Natural Fibers- Sources • Plants and animals sources that grow in nature • Cellulosic- Plant fibers • Cotton • Linen (flax) • Ramie • Hemp • Bamboo • Ramie • Protein- Animal fibers • Wool • Silk • Leather

  13. General Characteristics of Natural Fibers • Absorbent- able to take up moisture • Porous- able to breathe, air passes through • Biodegradable- able to break down • Most wrinkle easily • Tend to be more expensive • Staple fibers which look

  14. Cotton advantages • Strong, durable • Soft • Absorbs moisture • Breathes well • Washes easily • Dyes well

  15. Cotton disadvantages • Mildews • Does not spring back into shape • Wrinkles easily • Burns readily • Shrinks

  16. Blouses Dresses Skirts Underwear Shirts Jeans Sportswear Clothing/Fashion uses

  17. Care of Cotton • Wash in washer and dry • Iron at high temperature

  18. Flax (Linen) Advantages • STRONG • Absorbs moisture • Comfortable in warm weather • Washes easily

  19. Linen disadvantages • Mildews • WRINKLES • Burns easily

  20. Clothing/Fashion uses • Blouses • Dresses • Skirts • Suits

  21. Care of Linen • Wash or Dry Clean, CHECK LABEL • Washing will change the “hand of the fabric making it soft and wrinkled in appearance • Iron at HIGH temperature with moisture

  22. Wool Advantages • WARM • Durable • ABSORBENT • Resilient (returns to original shape quickly) • Resists wrinkling • Fire Retardant

  23. Wool Disadvantages • Requires special care • Shrinks sometimes if washed, or dried in dryer • Absorbs odors • Requires protection against insects

  24. Clothing/Fashion uses • Knit garments • Sweaters • Gloves • Skirts • Coats • Sportswear • Socks • Suits • slacks

  25. Care of Wool • Dry Clean or Hand Wash and Dry flat • Iron at low temperature

  26. Silk Advantages • Smooth • Lustrous • Strong • Dries quickly

  27. Silk Disadvantages • Shows water spots • Iron at low temperature • Expensive

  28. Care of silk • Dry clean or hand wash, check label • Iron at low temperature

  29. Clothing/Fashion uses • Skirts • Blouses • Dresses • Neckties • Scarves • Lingerie • Sweaters

  30. Man-made Fibers • Acetate • Lyocell (Tencel®) • Rayon

  31. Man-made Fibers • Made from petrochemicals • Characteristics • Hydrophobic (water resistant) • Promote static cling • Heat Sensitive • Many types pill • Most are wrinkle resistant

  32. Acetate Advantages • Soft • Drapeable • Dries quickly • Resistant to shrinking

  33. Acetate Disadvantages • Can wrinkle • Low abrasion resistance • Heat sensitive • Damaged by acetone

  34. Acetate- care

  35. Clothing/Fashion uses • Skirts • Blouses • Dresses • Scarves • Linings

  36. Synthetic Fibers • Acrylic • Nylon • Polyester • Spandex (Lycra) • Aramid (Kevlar, Nomex) • Olefin • Triacetate • Modacrylic

  37. Acrylic Advantages • Soft • Warm • Wool-like • Light weight • Wrinkle resistant • Resistant to moths and sunlight

  38. Acrylic Disadvantages • Pills • Static electricity • Heat sensitive

  39. Care of Acrylic • Dry Cleaned or laundered • Iron at low temperature

  40. Clothing/Fashion uses • Sweaters • Knit garments • Faux Fur • Coats • Pants • Skirts • Shoe soles

  41. Nylon Advantages • Very Strong • Resilient • Lustrous • Dries quickly

  42. Nylon disadvantages • May yellow or gray • Heat Sensitive • Low moisture absorbency

  43. Care of Nylon • Easily laundered • Iron at low temperature

  44. Clothing/Fashion uses • Sportswear • Jackets • Raincoats • Backpacks • Purses

  45. Polyester advantages • Excellent WRINKLE RESISTANCE • Resistant to abrasion • Dries quickly • Blends well with other fibers • Retains heat-set pleats and creases

  46. Polyester disadvantages • Absorbs oily stains • Low absorbency of moisture

  47. Care of Polyester • Easily laundered • Needs little or no pressing

  48. Clothing/Fashion uses • Pants • Shirts • Suits • Sportswear • Skirts

  49. Rayon advantages • Soft and comfortable • High moisture absorbency • drapeable

  50. Rayon disadvantages • May wrinkle or shrink unless treated • May mildew

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