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Sampling for Research

Sampling for Research. Types of Research. Quantitative the collection & analysis of data to describe, explain, predict, or control phenomena of interest Qualitative

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Sampling for Research

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  1. Sampling for Research

  2. Types of Research • Quantitative • the collection & analysis of data to describe, explain, predict, or control phenomena of interest • Qualitative • the collection, analysis, & interpretation of comprehensive narrative and visual data to gain insights into particular phenomenon of interest • Mixed-Methods

  3. Samples for Quantitative Studies • Generalizability • Sample chosen should be representative of the population being examined • Sample Size • The larger the population, the smaller %age required to get a representative sample • 50% for a sample of 500, 20% for a sample of 1,500 • For smaller populations (n=100 or fewer), the entire population is typically sampled.

  4. Samples for Quantitative Studies The selection process itself is critical. For example, a voter survey that systematically excluded a particular race, class or gender would be worthless...and there are a host of other ways to ruin, or bias, a sample.

  5. Samples for Quantitative Studies • Sample Error • A random, unknown characteristic of the sample • causes the sample to not be as representative as 1st thought • Sample Bias • A systematic sampling error • Typically caused by the researcher

  6. Samples for Quantitative Studies • Methods of Sampling: • Simple Random Sample - every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected

  7. Samples for Quantitative Studies • Methods of Sampling: • Stratified Sample - Population is divided into groups. Then a random sample is taken from each group

  8. Samples for Quantitative Studies • Methods of Sampling: • Cluster Sample - Population is divided into groups. Then an entire group is randomly chosen with all members of the randomly chosen group used in the sample

  9. Non-Random Sampling Methods • Non-Random Methods of Sampling: • Convenience Sample - A sample of well...convenience. Not scientific, just easy. Conclusions about the population cannot be drawn from this type of sample. • Purposive Sample • Judgment sampling • The process of selecting a sample that is believed to be representative of a given population. • Quota Sample – Process of selecting a sample based on required, exact numbers (quotas) of individuals or groups with varying characteristics.

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