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Intellectual Development in Infants

Early Brain Development. Neurons

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Intellectual Development in Infants

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    1. Intellectual Development in Infants Chapter 9

    2. Early Brain Development Neurons – nerve cells in brain Neural pathways – links between neurons – wire the brain for thinking processes Link development reach peak at age 10

    3. Brain structure Cerebrum Thalamus Cerebellum Pituitary Gland Brain Stem Spinal Cord

    4. How the Brain Works Axons Myelin Dendrites Synapses Neurotransmitters See images page 283

    5. Stimulate Brain Development Keep it simple and natural Match experiences to child’s mental abilities. Practice makes perfect Actively involve the baby Provide variety , but avoid overload Avoid pushing the child. See page 286

    6. Intellectual Development in the First Year Key terms Perception Attention span Sensorimotor period Object permanence Imaginative play Symbolic thinking Concepts

    7. Signs of Intellectual Development Remembering experiences Making associations Understanding cause and effect Paying attention

    8. Piaget’s Learning Theories Sensorimotor – 0-2 years – learn thru senses and actions. Preoperational – 2-7 years – in the moment – own activities and perceptions Concrete operations – 7-11 years – think logically, learn best thru experiences Formal operations – 11-adult – capable of abstract thinking

    9. Sensory Play Learning to move hands and feet Crawling and walking – opens up world Seeing, touching smelling, listening Everything goes in mouth Need to provide objects and toys that stimulate child’s senses

    10. Concept Development Concepts – general categories of objects and information Think that labels are for whole objects, not parts Think that labels apply to the group that the objects belong in Believe that an objects can only have one label.

    11. Helping Infants Learn Understand Age Appropriate for each child Give child time and attention Positive feedback Express love Talk, talk, talk Keep environment safe – child proof

    12. Different Toys for Different Ages Birth to 3 mos. 4-6 mos. 7-9 mos. 10-12 mos.

    13. Toys The word “Toy” comes from an old English term that means :TOOL Toys are TOOLS for a child. With these tools, children are allowed to use their senses, fine and gross motor skills, and their imaginations. Cognitive and social skills are also increased as a child plays with toys. Toys are valuable TEACHING tools.

    14. Toy Selection Make sure the toy is DAP Toys for age-appropriate development of the child Soft & Cuddling Toys Dolls, stuffed animals, etc. Manipulation/Small Motor Skill Toys Blocks, puzzles, snap, gears, games, etc. Large Motor Skill Toys Tricycles/bikes, balls, jump ropes, scooters, etc. Dramatic Play Dress-up clothes, furniture and accessories, etc.

    15. Safety Issues SIZE of toy and pieces Larger than the child’s two fists No SHARP edges or points Broken toys should be fixed or thrown away NON-TOXIC materials Avoid all painted toys for babies & toddlers DURABLE, WASHABLE and CLEAN Toy’s that won’t break easily Toys that can be cleaned easily

    16. Child Protection and Safety Act SIZE of toy and pieces Larger than the child’s two fists No SHARP edges or points Broken toys should be fixed or thrown away NON-TOXIC materials Avoid all painted toys for babies & toddlers DURABLE, WASHABLE and CLEAN Toy’s that won’t break easily Toys that can be cleaned easily

    17. Toys should be … AGE- APPROPRIATE (DAP) Check the suggested age on the packaging SAFE This applies to new and used toys TEACH a Skill or Concept Aide in one of the 5 areas of Child Development FUN - FUN - FUN!!!

    18. The End For more fun view Classic Toys PowerPoint

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