Evolution Unit! How To Classify Organisms

1. Evolution Unit!How To Classify Organisms

2. Objective: SWBAT use classification system in order to organize living things. • On a piece of paper… Look at the following four pictures: • Put the four objects into TWO groups. What would you call the groups?

3. Agenda • Group: Let’s Organize Random Objects! • Individual: Classify Extra-Terrestrials! • Seven Levels of Classification • What makes a species a species? • LIGERS and TIGONS

4. Classifying Random Objects! • Take all the objects out of the bag • Discuss: --what do ALL the objects have in common? --what characteristics do some objects have that other objects do not? • Sort the objects into FOUR DIFFERENT GROUPS! • Write down the four classification groups onto the notecard/paper and turn it FACE DOWN on the table!

5. Agenda • Group: Let’s Organize Random Objects! • Individual: Classify Extra-Terrestrials! • Seven Levels of Classification • What makes a species a species? • LIGERS and TIGONS • Prove You Know It!

6. Aliens, Aliens, Aliens… • Dichotomous Keys: “Choose Your Own Adventure” • 15 minutes!

7. Agenda • Group: Let’s Organize Random Objects! • Individual: Classify Extra-Terrestrials! • Seven Levels of Classification • What makes a species a species? • LIGERS and TIGONS • Prove You Know It!

8. Get a piece of paper ready for:“Classification Notes” • What is a classification scheme? • CLASSIFICATION SCHEME– each living organism is classified using the following scheme, from broadest to most specific: • Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus  Species

9. So…HOW do scientists classify living organisms? • KINGDOMPHYLUMCLASSORDERFAMILYGENUSSPECIES

10. KPCOFGS… • So…HOW do scientists classify living organisms? • KINGDOMPHYLUMCLASSORDERFAMILYGENUSSPECIES

11. KPCOFGS… • So…HOW do scientists classify living organisms? • KINGDOMPHYLUMCLASSORDERFAMILYGENUSSPECIES

12. KPCOFGS… • So…HOW do scientists classify living organisms? • KINGDOMPHYLUMCLASSORDERFAMILYGENUSSPECIES ANIMALIA CHORDATA MAMMALIA PRIMATE HOMINIDAE HOMO SAPIENS

13. KPCOFGS… • So…HOW do scientists classify living organisms? • KINGDOMPHYLUMCLASSORDERFAMILYGENUSSPECIES ANIMALIA CHORDATA MAMMALIA PRIMATEHOMINIDAE HOMO SAPIENS

14. KPCOFGS… • What mnemonic device can we use to remember how to classify? • KING • PHILLIP • CAME • OVER • FOR • GRANDMA’S • SPAGHETTI!

15. Classification Examples Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primates Hominidae Hominini pan Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primates Hominidae Gorilla gorilla Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primates Hominidae Homo sapiens KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES

16. Agenda • Group: Let’s Organize Random Objects! • Individual: Classify Extra-Terrestrials! • Seven Levels of Classification • What makes a species a species? • LIGERS and TIGONS • Prove You Know It!

17. Plants Fungi Animals

18. Classification KING PHILLIP CAME OVER FOR GRANDMA’S SPAGHETTI KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES

19. So…what makes a species a species??? • TIGERS • LIONS • But…what if we mix the two?

20. Tigons and Ligers Male Tiger + Female Lion Male Lion + Female Tiger

21. What is a species? • SPECIES – A group of organisms that share common characteristics AND can produce fertile offspring with each other.

22. What is a species? • SPECIES – A group of organisms that share common characteristics AND can produce fertile offspring with each other. TIGON

23. What is a species? • SPECIES – A group of organisms that share common characteristics AND can produce fertile offspring with each other. TIGON

24. What is the best way to prove that 2 species are closely related? • Using DNA to prove that organisms are related is the best way! • The more matches in DNA means that the more the 2 species are related! Put this in your notes! Explain what two species are related!

25. Agenda • Group: Let’s Organize Random Objects! • Individual: Classify Extra-Terrestrials! • Seven Levels of Classification • What makes a species a species? • LIGERS and TIGONS

26. Exit Quiz • What is the BROADEST level of classification? • What is the MOST SPECIFIC level of classification?

27. Part of the food web in Yellowstone National Park is shown below. Gray wolves were reintroduced into Yellowstone National Park in 1995. Two years later, the population of coyotes had decreased by 50%. Coyotes were found in all habitats of the park before the gray wolves were reintroduced. Now, coyotes are most often found in the hills and mountains. Coyotes and gray wolves have a high degree of relatedness. Which of these best describes why the two species are closely related? Exit Quiz:1. Coyotes and gray wolves have a high degree of relatedness. What explains their high degree of relatedness?

28. Classification HAS Questions Below

29. Use the information and the table below to answer the following. Mammals, birds, modern reptiles, and theropod dinosaurs are vertebrates. The table below shows some of the differences and similarities among these groups of vertebrates. According to the table, which of these vertebrates are most closely related? HSA PracticeUse this table to explain what 2 organisms are most closely related!

30. Scientists have found many similarities in the proteins of turtles and sharks. These similarities suggest that turtles and sharks • have stopped evolving • have a common ancestor • have all the same DNA sequences • have the same number of chromosomes

31. Students used the three organisms shown below to study evolutionary relationships. Which of these structures are the best evidence of an evolutionary relationship? • Students used the three organisms shown below to study evolutionary relationships. • Which of these structures are the best evidence of an evolutionary relationship?

32. The figure below shows the skeletal structure of a seal's flipper and a monkey's arm. The skeletal structures of the flipper and the arm are similar, even though they have different functions. Seals use their flippers for swimming, while monkeys use their arms primarily for grasping and lifting. Which of these explains why the skeletal structures of the seal's flipper and the monkey's arm are similar? The figure here shows the skeletal structure of a seal's flipper and a monkey's arm. The skeletal structures of the flipper and the arm are similar, even though they have different functions. Seals use their flippers for swimming, while monkeys use their arms primarily for grasping and lifting. Which of these explains why the skeletal structures of the seal's flipper and the monkey's arm are similar? Seals and monkeys have a common ancestor. Seals and monkeys have identical DNA sequences. All of the same genetic mutations occurred in seals and monkeys. All of the same vitamins are used for bone formation in seals and monkeys.

33. The Herring Gull is a modern bird.Which of the vertebrate skulls shown below is probably most closely related to the modern bird?

34. A researcher is studying raccoons and skunks. She wants to find out how closely these two mammals are related. Which of these characteristics would be best for her to study? sequences of DNA reproductive habits movement of RNA physical appearance

35. Extra Slides Below (Fun Human Evolution Stuff & BSCS VIDEO)

36. Some Characteristics of Primates • rotating shoulder joints • five digits with opposable thumbs and nails • stereoscopic (3-D) color vision • a large brain in comparison to body size • two mammary glands • typically one young per pregnancy • a long gestation and developmental period

37. Some Characteristics of Hominids • share more than 97% of their DNA with modern humans • exhibit a capacity for language • able to walk upright (bi-pedal)

40. BSCS VIDEO… Our Ancestors • As you watch the video… please take notes! • What is the significance of: • Lucy’s skeleton? • The Laetoli footprints? • Tomai’s skull?