“He restored the laws and rights of the Roman people”

1. AUGUSTUS AND THE PROFESSIONALIZATION OF SCIENTIAin nova … mutatasformascorpora (Ovid. Met. 1.1-2) “He restored the laws and rights of the Roman people”

2. Professionalism of scientia: time How did Augustus co-opt “Roman time” to make it his own? Include the following aspects of the calculation and presentation of time: Building/Event (Latin) Building/Event (English) Date Mausoleum Augusti Mausoleum of Augustus 32-28 TribuniciaPotestasTrib. power: years of reign 23 Horologium Obelisk and Sundial 9 Reform of the Julian Calendar 9 • SextilisIuliusSeventh month  “Iulius” 9 • Quintilis Augustus Eighth month  “Augustus” 9 Also: • management of the days of the months, formerly by the pontifices • proliferation of Fasti, recording magistracies, triumphs, etc., both in Rome and in the provinces; marking of the New Year in the provinces either with September 23 or with the date of Augustus’ visit

3. Professionalism of scientia: law, rhetoric, language How did the knowledge of law, rhetoric, language and military science change from the Republic to the Augustan age? An example of the control of language: monetales, or “moneyers” …

4. Professionalism of scientia: coinage How did the discourse in coinage highlight and illustrate Augustus’ impact on Roman life? Your answer should include the following coin legends and how they reflect key moments in Augustus’ reign: Legend (Latin) Legend (English) Date Aegyptocapta Egypt captured 30 Asia recepta Asia recovered 30 Ob civesservatos For saving the citizens 30 Libertatispopuli Romani vindexChampion of freedom of R.p. 28 SignisreceptisStandards recovered 20 Armenia captaArmenia captured 20 Fortuna reduxFortune has returned 19 In amplioreum et tranquillioremTo a grander and more peaceful 16 statumstate of affairs Pro valetudineCaesaris SPQR The Senate and the Roman people 16 on behalf of Caesar’s health Res publica … Augustus The Republic [kneeling before] Aug. 13

5. Control of scientia: building How did Augustus’ building program specifically speak to his ideological program? Your answer should include the following buildings and how they reflect key components of his self-presentation: Building (Latin) Building (English) Date Forum IuliiCaesarisForum of Julius Caesar 54-46 TemplumDiviIuliiTemple of the Deified Julius [R. Forum] 42-29 Mausoleum AugustiMausoleum of Augustus 32-28 Curia Julia Senate house (burnt in 44) 29 ArcusAugustiTriple Triumphal Arch of Aug. [R. Forum] 29 Saepta Iulia; Pantheon; Julian Voting Enclosure; Temple to all Gods; 26 ThermaeAgrippae Baths (and Aqueduct) of Agrippa TemplumApollinisTemple of Apollo [Palatine Hill] 28 Forum AugustumAugustan Forum 20-2 ArcusAugustiSingle Arch [R. Forum] 19 [commemorated in coins with SignisReceptis] TheatrumMarcelliTheater of Marcellus 13 AraPacisAugustaeAltar of Augustan Peace 13-9 HorologiumObelisk and Sundial 9 TemplumMartisUltorisTemple of Mars Ultor 2

6. Archaizing and Classicizing How do these two poetic verses characterize the evolution of art in the Augustan age, and its relationship to the archaic and classical Greek past? • in nova … mutatasformas corpora (Ovid. Met. 1.1-2)(“forms changed into new bodies”) • vosexemplariaGraeca … versatemanu(Horace ArsPoetica, 268)(“you must take Greek models in hand”) Why did Augustan age artists draw upon Greek models? Address issues of • pietas, aesthetics, auctoritas, to semnon (“holiness”), to megalotechnon (“grandeur”), leptotes (“lightness”), charis (“grace”) and “Atticizing” Some examples                  

7. exemplariaGraeca Apollo & Hercules struggling for the Delphic tripod, Temple of Apollo on the Palatine, ca. 30 BCE Tiberius in the newAugustan mode,Copenhagen Archaistic Diana, Pompeii

8. exemplariaGraeca Portland Vase, London Diana with hind, Munich

9. exemplariaGraeca Architectural details: Temple of Concord, Rome (above) Erechtheum, Athens (below) Caryatid from the Erechtheum, Athens (British Museum) Caryatid from the Forum of Augustus, Rome