Imperial China Collapses Ch. 14.3

1. Imperial China CollapsesCh. 14.3 After the fall of the Qing dynasty, nationalist and Communist movements struggle for power. Opium Wars https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqjb2Y-k47o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgqbInNM-8k&feature=results_video&playnext=1&list=PL5DD23132A053F095

2. The Qing Dynasty last ruling dynasty of China from 1644 to 1912 Chinese Dynasties date back 4,000 years The following is a list of Chinese Dynasties: • Xia Dynasty About 1994 BCE - 1766 BCE • Shang Dynasty 1766 BCE - 1027 BCE • Zhou Dynasty 1122 BCE -256 BCE plus suppliment • Qin Dynasty 221 BCE - 206 BCE • Early Han Dynasty 206 BCE - 9 AD • Xin Dynasty 9 AD - 24 AD • Later Han Dynasty 25 AD - 220 AD • Three Kingdoms - Period of Disunion 220 AD - 280 AD • Sui Dynasty 589 AD - 618 AD • Tang Dynasty 618 AD - 907 AD • Sung Dynasty 969 AD - 1279 AD • Yuan Dyansty 1279 AD - 1368 AD • Ming Dynasty 1368 AD - 1644 AD • Manchu or Qing Dynasty 1644 AD - 1912 AD

3. Nationalists Overthrow Qing Dynasty A New Power In the early 1900s (20th century), many Chinese wanted change in China. - They resented foreign nations control of China (Imperialists) - Many Chinese wanted to modernize China Kuomintang—Nationalist Party of China—calls for modernization & an end to foreign control Sun Yixian—first great leader of Nationalist Party • In 1911, Sun Yixian led the Nationalists & overthrow Qing dynasty

4. Shaky Start for the New Republic In 1912, Sun takes control as president • Backs three principles: 1. nationalism 2. democracy 3. economic security • Sun did not have the backing of the military, so Sun turns the presidency over to Yuan Shikai • Yuan Shikai betrays to democratic ideals of the revolution. • No national agreement on rule; civil war breaks out in 1916 • Warlords take control of territories as large as their armies could conquer

5. Nationalists Overthrow Qing Dynasty World War I Spells More Problems • China enters war against Germany hoping to gain land held by Germans • Treaty of Versailles gives German colonies in China to Japan • On May 4, 1919, angry students protest this agreement May Fourth Movement—nationalist movement that spreads across China • Many young nationalists turn against Sun Yixian

6. The Communist Party in China Rise of a New Leader • Mao Zedong—helps form Chinese Communist Party in 1921 Lenin Befriends China • In 1923, Lenin helps Nationalists, who agree to work with Communists Peasants Align with the Communists • Jiang Jieshi (Chang Kai Shek)—Nationalist leader (Kuomintang) after Sun dies—opposes communism • Peasants see no gain for them in Jiang’s plans, they back Communists

7. The Communist Party in China Nationalists and Communists Clash • In 1927, Nationalists kill Communists, unionists in Shanghai • In 1928, Jiang becomes president; Communists resist his rule Civil War Rages in China between _________? Hostility Becomes War • By 1930, civil war rages; Mao recruits a peasant, guerrilla army

8. Civil War Rages in China The Long March • In 1933, Jiang’s huge army surrounds outnumbered Communists Long March—Communists’ 6,000-mile journey to safety in north • Of 100,000 Communists, 7,000 or 8,000 survive the march, including Mao Civil War Suspended • Seeing chaos in China, Japan launches all-out invasion in 1937 • Nationalists and Communists join together to fight Japan *footnote: after WWII (1945), Communists and Nationalists resume their fighting. - In 1949, China becomes a Communist nation

9. The Communists Transform China • Communists Claim a New “Mandate of Heaven” • Chinese Communists organize national government and Communist Party • Mao’s Brand of Marxist Socialism • Mao takes property from landowners and divides it among peasants • Government seizes private companies and plans production increase • “Little Red Book” was published by the Government of the People’s Republic of China from April 1964 until approximately 1976. As its title implies, it is a collection of quotations excerpted from Mao’s past speeches and publications