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Cognitivism. Martin Valcke Martin.Valcke@UGent.be http://users.ugent.be/~mvalcke/CV/CVMVA.htm. Structure. Activity 1: learning experiment Miller Introduction Information processing Activity 2: dual channel theory
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Cognitivism Martin Valcke Martin.Valcke@UGent.be http://users.ugent.be/~mvalcke/CV/CVMVA.htm
Structure • Activity 1: learning experiment Miller • IntroductionInformation processing • Activity 2: dual channel theory • Representation & development of declarative & proceduralknowledge • Activity 3: NLR • Activity 4: Questions & Bloom’staxonomy
Activity 1 Experiment basedon Miller 1957
Cognitivism • Internalprocesses • Keyconcepts: stages, memories, limitations, interaction, subprocesses(perceiving, repeating, representing, reflecting, imagining, abstracting, comparing, …)
Central Executive Phonological loop Episodic buffer Visuo-spatial sketchpad Verbal info Verbal and viso-spatial ino Visuo-spatial info Working memory
Activity 2: experiment • Dual Channel Theory: Paivio (1986) en Mayer (2001) Mayer (2001) and Paivio (1986)
Learning MM presentation Working Memory Sensory Memory Long Term Memory Prior Knowledge VerbalModel Hearing Sound Words Integration Organisation Looking Image Images VisualModel Mayer (2001) and Paivio (1986)
Theoretical base • Representation of knwoledge • Declarativeknowledge • Proceduralknowledge • Development of knowledge • Declarativeknowledge • Proceduralknowledge
Representation declarative knowledge Proposition(s) Basis unit information: argument and relations
Representation declarative knowledge Images Based on a perception; part of original perception is retained
Representation declarative knowledge linear order On top of propositionnetwork and images: structure Vb. ABCD, EFG, HIJK, LMNOP, QRS, TUV en WXYZ. Vb. Notes Vb. durchfürohneum bis nachgegen
Representation declarative knowledge schemas(based on propositions, images, and linear order) Knowledge is not set of unstructured ideas.
Schemas • Memorystructure • Abstraction • Network • Dynamicstructure • Context • Frames (special schemes)
Relationships in declarative knowledge Metacognition Procedures Concepts Facts
Representation procedural knowledge Production system Production b Production a Production d Production c
P1 IF xxxxxxxxx, Thenyyy. P2 If a Then b P3 If c Then d
Development declarative knowledge Two mental processes are cenral: • Elaboration • Organisation
Elaboration • Integratesknowledge • Links new to oldknowledge
Organisation • Organisation acts onavailableschemas in memory. • Strenghteninginternalcognitivestructure.
Organisation • Structuring, order • Hierarchy
Ways to structure the ideas about how species “evolve” Matuk en Uttal (2010): “All have tails, but only two have horns” - Inventing an intuitive representation of relatedness.
Development procedural knowledge • Cognitivephase • Associativephase • Autonomousphase • Goal directedness!!
Cognitive Phase • Stepwisestorage of individualproductions in memory • In fact: as declarativeknowledge (schemas) Metacognition Procedures Concepts Facts
Associative phase In this phase we try to release support of single productions in memory We try to eliminate consultation memory.
Autonomous phase Automaticresult of associativephase.Difficult to predictwhenachieved.
Relationships in procedural knowledge http://www.transitionmathproject.org/partners/wcp/doc/bloom.pdf
Activity 4 • Read text “hormones” • Apply evidence based principle: developing non-linguistic representation
Activity 5a • Make list of questions (prep activity) • Structure these questions from “easy” to “complex”
Activity 5b • Make list of questions (prep activity) • Structure these questions from “easy” to “complex” • Apply Bloom’s Taxonomy to ground your classification
King • Questions are critical • See King, A. (1992). Comparison of Self-Questioning, Summarizing, and Notetaking-Review as Strategies for Learning From Lectures. • Starters
Cognitivism Martin Valcke Martin.Valcke@UGent.be http://users.ugent.be/~mvalcke/CV/CVMVA.htm