Cognitivism

1. Cognitivism Will you remember? Renee Talmich and Ryan Lucas

2. Cognitivism Definition Summary • A retreat from behaviorism. • An understanding of the organization of thinking • Learning is not always indicated by behavior Examples Historical Perspective Concluding Remarks

3. Cognitivism Summary Summary • Cognitive processes influence learning • As children grow, they become capable of increasingly more sophisticated thought • People organize the things that they learn • More Examples Historical Perspective Concluding Remarks

4. Cognitivism Examples Summary • Mnemonic Effect • Meaningful Effect • Serial Position Effect • Practice Effect • State Dependant Effect Examples Historical Perspective Concluding Remarks

5. Cognitivism Historical Perspective Summary • Jean Piaget • Lev Vygotsky • Edward Tolman Examples Historical Perspective Concluding Remarks

6. Cognitivism Summary Summary • New information is most easily acquired when people can associate it with the things they have already learned • People control their own learning • The more meaningful the information is, the easier it is learned and remembered Examples Historical Perspective Concluding Remarks

7. Cognitivism Mnemonic Effect Summary • Silly Songs (ABC) • Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally • Rhymes (e-i) Examples Historical Perspective Back Concluding Remarks

8. Cognitivism Meaningful Effect Summary • Meaningful information is retained easier • Fractions—too abstract unless related to something that students are already familiar with (e.g. pizza or pie) Examples Historical Perspective Back Concluding Remarks

9. Cognitivism Serial Position Effect Summary • Items at the beginning of a list or at the end are easier to remember • Classroom directions • Driving directions • Unless… • If item in the middle is distinctively different (e.g. blue, red, yellow, brown, cat, orange, purple, pink, green) Examples Historical Perspective Concluding Remarks Back

10. Cognitivism Practice Effect Summary • Perfect practice makes perfect • Spelling words are learned easier by writing, visualizing, and orally spelling rather than just one context Examples Historical Perspective Back Concluding Remarks

11. Cognitivism State Dependent Effect Summary • Learning in one context is easier to remember in that context • Informative posters on the wall • Informative Bulletin Boards Examples Historical Perspective Back Concluding Remarks

12. Cognitivism Jean Piaget Summary • Focused on logicalreasoning and thestructure of knowledge • People are intrinsically motivated to make sense of the world (i.e. learn) • There are different “stages” of learning Examples Historical Perspective Back Concluding Remarks

13. Cognitivism Lev Vygotsky Summary • Russian psychologistand philosopher • Learning = social and collaborative activity • Thought and language develop independently of each other (until 2 years old) Examples Historical Perspective Back Concluding Remarks

14. Cognitivism Edward Tolman Summary • Learning can occurwithout a reward(reinforcement) • Learning occurs because of organization • Most behavior is intentional (not reactive) Examples Historical Perspective Back Concluding Remarks

15. Cognitivism Conclusion Summary Weakness— Student learns one way, but may not be the best way. Strength— Produces consistency. Everyone accomplishes the task the say way. Examples Historical Perspective Concluding Remarks

16. Cognitivism Did you remember?