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The Integumentary System

The Integumentary System. General Info……. Skin has 2 layers Epidermis - outer layer Dermis – inner layer Sweat glands excrete sweat through pores. Sweat is made up of urea, salts, and water. Body ’ s first line of defense! Largest organ of the body. The “ Birthday Suit ”.

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The Integumentary System

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  1. The Integumentary System

  2. General Info…….. • Skin has 2 layers • Epidermis - outer layer • Dermis – inner layer • Sweat glands excrete sweat through pores. • Sweat is made up of urea, salts, and water. • Body’s first line of defense! • Largest organ of the body.

  3. The “Birthday Suit” • Combination of 4 main tissues: • Epithelial – outer layer • Connective – underlies dermis • Smooth Muscle – goose bumps • Nervous – sensory receptors

  4. Functions of the Skin • Protection • Temperature regulation • Sensations • Storage of chemical compounds • Excretion of wastes • Synthesis of compounds • Determines characteristics

  5. The Skin

  6. Epidermis • Outer layer of dead skin cells called cuticle . • Layer you see everyday. • “Ashiness” is caused by this layer of dead skin cells being very rough and raggedy. • DUST you see around is made up of dead skin cells! • Under the cuticle is another layer of living epithelial cells that make up the rest of the epidermis.

  7. Epidermis and Dermis • Epidermis is avascular (no blood vessels) • Dermis is highly vascular (has blood vessels) • Epidermis receives nourishment from dermis • Cells far away from nourishment die

  8. Epidermis

  9. Dermis • Thick layer under the epidermis • Contains blood vessels • Oil glands • Sweat glands • Hair follicles • Fat tissue • Nerves • Connective tissue

  10. Deeper Layer of the Dermis Dense connective tissue • Contains • Blood vessels • Glands • Deep pressure receptors • Attached to underlying organs by the subcutaneous layer • Loose connective tissue • Packed with adipose cells • Stabilizes position of skin

  11. Fingerprints Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

  12. What Else Comes from the Epidermis? • Hair • Glands • Nails

  13. Functions of Hair • Protection • Thermoregulation • Sensory • Minor role in humans

  14. Hair Structure • Shaft • Superficial portion • Root • Below the surface • Cuticle • Outermost layer of hair • Hair develops in follicles • Downward continuation of epidermis

  15. Hair Structure

  16. Growth of Hair • At the base of the follicle, hair papilla • Contains blood vessels and nerves • Nourishes hair • Bulb • Contains matrix – epithelial cells responsible for growth • Contains melanocytes

  17. ArrectorPili • Smooth muscle attaches to follicle • Raises hairs • Response to fright or cold • Function?

  18. Glands • Sebaceous glands • Connected to hair follicles • Secrete a waxy, oily substance (sebum) • Blackheads • Secretion increases at puberty

  19. Sebaceous Glands

  20. Glands • Sweat glands • Found just about everywhere • Produce “perspiration” • Water, salt, met. Wastes • Function – cooling of the body • Scent Glands • Specific type of sweat gland • Found near hair follicles • Axillary & genital regions • Develop at puberty

  21. The Skin with Sweat Glands

  22. Nail Structure • Nail body • Free edge • Nail root • Matrix • Lunula (moon)

  23. Nail Structure

  24. When you sweat, heat leaves the body through your pores. When the sweat hits the outer surface of the skin, it is cooled by the air. This lowers your body temperature. The skin also helps control body temperature- Homeostasis!

  25. The Amazing Body- Skin

  26. Use the following vocabulary to label the diagram: hair shaft, oil (sebaceous)gland, fat cells, erector pili muscle, blood vessels, nerve endings, epidermis, dermis, cuticle, epithelial cells, hair follicle, sweat gland, connective tissue

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