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The Spread of Hellenistic Culture

The Spread of Hellenistic Culture. Chapter 5 section 5. Key Terms. Hellenistic Alexandria Euclid Archimedes Colossus of Rhodes. Hellenistic Culture in Alexandria. Hellenistic- blending of cultures from Greece, Egyptian, Persian and Indian Influences

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The Spread of Hellenistic Culture

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  1. The Spread of Hellenistic Culture Chapter 5 section 5

  2. Key Terms • Hellenistic • Alexandria • Euclid • Archimedes • Colossus of Rhodes

  3. Hellenistic Culture in Alexandria • Hellenistic- blending of cultures from Greece, Egyptian, Persian and Indian Influences • Koine- means common was a dialect of Greek • Used to communicate in cities throughout the Hellenistic world

  4. Trade and Cultural Diversity • Alexandria (Egypt) center of commerce • Strategic edge of Nile Delta • Trade ships from all over the Mediterranean docked there • Third century B.C became an international community and a population of one million

  5. Alexandria’s Attractions • Broad avenues with statues of Greek gods • Royal palaces • Alexander’s glass coffin • 350 feet above then harbor was a lighthouse • Famous museum and library • First true research library

  6. Astronomy • Small observatory • Aristarchus • Estimated sun 300 times larger than earth • Disproved that the sun was smaller than Greece • Ptolemy placed earth in the center of the solar system • This view accepted for the next 14 centuries

  7. Astronomy • Eratosthenes • Correctly computer earth’s circumference • 28,000-29,000 mile • Actual today 24,860 • Also a poet and historian

  8. Mathematics and Physics • Euclid-compile a geometry text • Book Elements contained 465 geometry propositions and proofs • Still the basis for geometry

  9. Mathematics and Physics • Archimedes • Estimated the value of pi • Explained the law of the lever • Archimedes screw- raised water from the ground • Compound pulley to lift heavy objects

  10. Stoicism and Epicureanism • Zeno founded Stoicism • People should lead virtuous lives • in harmony with natural laws • and the will of the gods • Desire for wealth and power were dangerous • Social unity • Focus on what they can control

  11. Stoicism and Epicureanism • Epicurus- founded Epicureanism • Gods ruled the universe • Only real objects were those the five senses perceived • Greatest good and pleasure came from virtuous conduct and absence of pain • Moderation in all things

  12. Realism in Sculpture • Rulers , wealthy merchants and cities purchased sculptures • Portray people in everyday situations • Colossus of Rhodes-bronze statue 100 feet high • Nike (winged warrior) 203 BC made for naval victory

  13. Realism in Sculpture • Hellenistic moved to more natural works • Carved ordinary people like a wrinkly old peasant woman • 150 BC Hellenistic world in decline

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