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The Spread of Greek Culture. Chapter 8 Section 4. Greek Culture Spreads. Philosophers, poets, scientists, and writers moved to the new Greek cities in southwest Asia during the Hellenistic Era. What city did many of these people come to? Alexandria
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The Spread of Greek Culture Chapter 8 Section 4
Greek Culture Spreads • Philosophers, poets, scientists, and writers moved to the new Greek cities in southwest Asia during the Hellenistic Era. What city did many of these people come to? • Alexandria • Hellenistic kings wanted to make their cities like those in Greece, so they hired Greek architects and sculptors. • The writers of the Hellentistic Era produced a large body of literature. • What city was the center of Greek theater? • Athens • Athenians still created plays, but the topic of the plays of the Hellenistic Era shifted to what? • love and relationships.
Discussion Question • Why were the cities of southwest Asia lands of opportunity for artisans, scientists, philosophers, and writers? • The rulers of these cities wanted them to be like the cultural centers of Greece. • To achieve that goal, the rulers needed the services of artisans, scientists, philosophers, and writers.
New Philosophy and Science • Philosophers • What philosophy did Epicurus found? • Epicureanism.What did this teach? • happiness was the goal of life. • What did he believe was the “definition” of pleasure? • It meant spending time with friends and learning not to worry about things. • Who developed the philosophy of Stocism? • A Phoenician named Zeno. What does this philosophy believe? • happiness comes from reason, not emotions, and from doing your duty.
New Philosophy and Science • What do Astronomers do? • Study the stars, planets, and other heavenly bodies. • Who was Aristarchus? • an astronomer who claimed that the sun was at the center of the universe and that Earth revolved around the sun. • Who was Eratosthenes? • an astronomer who believed that Earth was round and who measured Earth’s circumference.
New Philosophy and Science • Mathematicians • Who was Euclid? • one of the most famous Greek mathematicians who described plane geometry. What is this? • The study of points, lines, angles, and surfaces. • Who was Archimedes? • the most famous scientist of the Hellenistic Era. • He worked on solid geometry. What is this? • the study of spheres and cylinders. • He also determined the value of pi.What is this number used for? • It measures the area of circles • What did he invent? • the catapult, among other weapons. • Who was Hypatia? • The first female mathematician whose records survive.
Discussion Question • What did other astronomers believe about Aristarchus’ idea that the sun was at the center of the universe? • Other scientists thought Aristarchus was wrong. • They believed Earth was the center of the universe. • They thought the sun revolved around Earth.
Greece Falls to Rome • The four Greek kingdoms shared their culture but fought one another. • In the late 200’s B.C., Rome, a city-state in Italy, conquered the Italian peninsula. • The Romans began expanding into Greece. • The Greeks began supporting Rome’s enemies in times of war, but the Romans conquered Greece and its allies.
