TOEFL IBT 写作强化课程二结构篇

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 长沙

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 Essay really means a short prose piece. • Oxford Essential Guide to Writing

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 欧美写作思维 • 线性思维 • “总 – 分 – 总”结构 • Introduction 总起 + 陈述观点 • Body 内容（话题）延展 • Conclusion 强调（重述）观点

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 Introduction • Background（背景）阐述话题背景信息，一般描述观点在题目背景下的重要性、作用&影响（例：importance / influence） • Controversy（争论）描述争论的状态（例：某些人认为观点一，另外一些人认为观点二…） • Main Idea（观点）直接裸奔己方观点 • Question（提问）一个自问自答的题目，或者主观反问的句子来引领观点

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students of English 《牛津学生英语搭配词典》

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 Controversy • Most people believe that…（观点1）while others perceive that…（观点2）. • Some contend the idea of…（观点1）, the others prefer the concept that…（观点2）. • As most people assent to…（观点1）, others are more inclined to…（观点2）.

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 Main Idea • I believe（In my opinion） • I prefer that • I contend / perceive / am leaning forward to / am inclined to • I agree with the former / latter • I find myself more convinced by • ... draws my greatest attention

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 Main Idea 之忌讳 • 切忌连用 / 重复 I believe that in my opinion I suggest that in my understanding I am more inclined to that from my point of view • Main Idea 不一定是 I agree or disagree

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 题目的判定 • Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? “Take a clear position.”

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 Do you agree or disagree with this following statement? Progress is always good. 进步是否总是好的？

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 How to make a stand?（如何选择立场） • Positive effects – agree 进步好 • Negative effects – disagree 进步不好 • Positive effects outweigh negative effects – basically agree 进步基本上总是好的 • Negative effects outweigh positive effects – basically disagree 进步不一定总是好的

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 观点绝对（Agree） Technology itself has undergone a continuous self-perfection and development within nowadays society especially in terms of learning and studying【背景】. Many have criticized that technology is bringing bad influence on students while others perceive the idea that the fast development of technology can generate more benefits for students【争议】. I believe technology has by and large made positive contribution【观点】.

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 Do you agree or disagree with this following statement? In twenty years there will be fewer cars in use than they are today. 今后20年车辆的使用量是否会比现在少？

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 观点折中（Basically agree） Following the rapid development of modern technology, our society is filled with new inventions and creative thinking. Cars, one of the leading drives of our modern prides have always lived under the limelight of our society【背景】. While many people believe that automobile like cars will accompany us through the 21st century, others press serious doubt on the need of cars even in the time period as short as twenty years【争议】. With my understanding towards modern technology as well as our society, I find myself more leaning towards the latter【观点】.

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 In some countries, teenagers have jobs while they are still students. Do you think this is a good idea? 学生打工好不好？

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 Currently, it is common that teenagers have part time jobs in their spare time.

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 具体典型表现指代抽象概念 Currently, it is a common practice that teenagers work as cashiers or waiters at Starbucks or McDonald’s in their spare time【背景】. However, parents and educators are having differing opinions about whether it is a good idea for them to do so【争议】. I believe working experiences bring multiple benefits to students【观点】.

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 Some people prefer to spend their free time outdoors. Other people prefer to spend their leisure time indoors. Would you prefer to be outside or would you prefer to be inside for your leisure activities? 户内休闲好还是户外休闲好？

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 观点的上位概念 • 将抽象的观点进行较清晰和形象的概述 • 切忌带入主观思维 • 双方观点同时介入

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 如何上位 Free time plays an important role in the health of modern people. But people have differing opinions about which the better option of spending their free time is: playing football with several friends or sitting in a comfortable couch and watching television? I believe the former is the superior choice.

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 如何上位 Watching movies has become an integral part of the modern life. But viewers are having differing opinions about which the better genre is: movies like Godfather or movies like the Kongfu Panda? As far as I’m concerned, the latter is the more appealing choice.

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 Some movies are serious, designed to make the audience think. Other movies are designed primarily to amuse and entertain. Which type of movie do you prefer? 严肃电影 Vs. 娱乐电影

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 开头段需不需要亮点？ • 能写就写 – 一鸣惊人 • 不能写也没关系 – 时间问题 • 要写的话就写： • Shocking statement • Interesting story • Quotation

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 Body（中间段） Sub Point 1 Logical Words Sub Point 2 Topic Sentence Development Sub Point 3

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 Body段基本写作原则 • 思维平行 • 不能互为因果关系 • 相辅相成

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 Young people should take different kinds of jobs before they take a career in a long term. 多跳槽是否是王道？

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 Body段的实现（罗列） Sub Point 1: By having different kinds of jobs, students can acquire plenty of experiences and skills. Sub Point 2: Experiencing through different kinds of jobs offers us a great opportunity in targeting our true values and interests in terms of future career. Sub Point 3: Going through different kinds of jobs, students may encounter different difficulties or make errors and mistakes, which can better improve students themselves in the long term.

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? With the help of technology, students nowadays can learn more information and learn it more quickly. 科学技术是否使学生更快，更多地吸取知识和信息？

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 Body段的实现（罗列） Sub Point 1: The Internet and relevant online channels (techniques) clearly opened a convenient window for students since a mass quantity of information is no longer out of reach. Sub Point 2: With specific communication methods such as the Internet, telephone, television, and mobile phones, students could easily get in touch with each other as well as their teachers and experts at school in order to share curriculum information and opinions. Sub Point 3: Certain tools and computing software are there to help each student including calculator and spreadsheet. Without these students may find studying extremely stressful and time-consuming.

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 Body段落写作之禁忌 • 切忌换汤不换药 • 每个Sub Point有且只有一个Topic • 写Topic Sentence时主要结论最好前置

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 切忌换汤不换药 A person should never make an important decision alone. 永远不要单独做重要决定A – 1: making decisions alone has greater risks. A – 2: making decisions alone is more likely to result in failures.

『分析』 不能同意这个观点。Never是绝对修饰词。确实，很多的时候独自做出的决定是错误的。因为做出正确的决定需要完整的信息。然而，也有些时候必须独自做出决定。比如，战场上的指挥官。并且，很多独自做出的决定并不是错误的。所以，只能说one can not be more careful to make an important decision。可以写一篇短文，how to make a sound decision。这样，在应对的时候都可以用到

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 每个Sub Point有且只有一个Topic The people lining up in the embassy are applying for a variety of visas. Some applicants want student visas. Other applicants want resident visas. The other applicants want tourist visas. Applying for resident visas is very difficult; one has to meet a lot of requirements. According to a recent survey ，the largest number of applicants are applying for tourist visas. The number of people applying for student visas comes in second. Among all the applicants，only a fraction want resident visas.

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 写Topic Sentence时主要结论最好前置 Watching television takes up a great deal of children’s time. As a result, children will not have enough time for homework. As a result, their academic performances will fall. 改： Watching television affects children’s academic performances adversely. It is because children usually spend excessive amount of time on watching television and thus have less time for homework.

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 真题解析 Some young adults want independence from their parents as soon as possible. Other young adults prefer to live with families for a longer time. Which of these situations do you think is better? 早独立好还是晚独立好？

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 开头段（学生作品） Every young adult will grow and live apart from their parents to form their own families. The ages for those young adults to be independent depends on each person. Some people may have to live longer with their parents and some others may not. This essay will discuss the issue of independence life and living with their families for a longer time. 自己观点提出不明确，不鲜明！

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 开头段（修改之后） Achieving independence is a critical step in a person’s life. But people have different opinions about which the right option is – as soon as possible or until later? I believe later independence is the better choice. 提出观点直截了当！

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 中间段1（学生作品） Most young adults prefer to have a separate or independent life from their parents or families as soon as possible. This is because they have a strong urge for freedom in doing what they desire. But in fact many of them fail. This should not be surprising since often they are actually not ready mentally although they are physically ready. It is widely understood that to live independently requires a lot of energy and is not easy at all. In this twenty first century, people may need more and more preparation because competition is increasing rapidly. An observation shows that many university graduated students are unemployed. Therefore, they will not be able to support or fulfill their necessities.

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 中间段1（分论点句提出） Firstly, early independence causes young adults to fail. 结论 = 分论点句关键在于前置结论，使得考官清晰了解本段意图。

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 中间段2（学生作品） So living independently at an early age is not suitable for all young adults. Some young adults may need to take more time to prepare themselves before going out to struggle. Young adults need to be ready to support themselves. Taking time to get more education and living with families for a longer time may lead them to a better independent life because they will be well prepared for the hard life outside. Still, living with their families for “too long will not be a good idea because they could get used to it and tend to be less independent.

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 中间段2（分论点提出） Taking time to get more education and living with families for a longer time may lead them to a better independent life because they will be well prepared for the hard life outside.

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 Conclusion（结尾） Restatement – Main Point + Sub Points

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 真题解析 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Watching television is bad for children. 看电视节目对孩子们不好？

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 开头段 Nowadays, television is having a pervasive influence on the modern life. However, parents and educators are having differing opinions about whether television is harmful for children. I believe television viewing causes damages to children physically, academically.

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 中间论证段1 First, watching television causes serious damage to children’s physical health. The reasons are twofold. For one thing, if children spend an inordinate amount of time on watching television, they will have less time for sports. For another thing, children tend to consume large quantities of junk food while watching television. As a result, their physical health will be undermined. In the long term, they run a higher risk of developing various diseases. A recent survey can back up my point. The survey, after polling thousands of Chinese teenagers, found that most respondents aged between fifteen and eighteen claimed that they consider fried chips and coca-cola as their favorite food while watching television.

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 中间论证段2 Furthermore, watching television will affect children’s academic performances adversely. The reason is that television programs can distract students from their homework and excessively consume the time and energy for study. As a result, their scores will drop. And there is a possibility they will not be admitted by top colleges or universities.

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 让步段 Admittedly, watching television might also bring benefits to children. For example, watching television teaches children about knowledge that beyond their academic boundaries and they can learn some interesting skills to support their curriculum or subjects at school. However, as long as the bad influence that watching television is causing to nowadays children, the benefits seem irrelevant.

TOEFL IBT写作强化课程二结构篇 结尾段 In short, television causes severe damages to children. It is harmful for children’s health, academics, behaviors.

TOEFL IBT 写作强化课程二结构篇