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New Result in Production and Decay of an Isotope, 278 113, of the 113 th Element Kosuke Morita

New Result in Production and Decay of an Isotope, 278 113, of the 113 th Element Kosuke Morita Superheavy Element Laboratory RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN. The Periodic Table has been evolving!. Region of interest. 120?. 114?. new nuclides: ～ 40/year .

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New Result in Production and Decay of an Isotope, 278 113, of the 113 th Element Kosuke Morita

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  1. New Result in Production and Decay of an Isotope, 278113, of the 113th Element Kosuke Morita Superheavy Element Laboratory RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN RIBF SEMINAR

  2. RIBF SEMINAR

  3. The Periodic Table has been evolving! RIBF SEMINAR

  4. Region of interest 120? 114? new nuclides: ～40/year new element: ～0.3/year 184 Z N RIBF SEMINAR

  5. f d e a b c : saddle d e c : scission Bf: fission barrier b f a Potential energy Z1Z2e2 V= R Deformation or distance between two centers of fragments R RIBF SEMINAR

  6. Potential energy deformation RIBF SEMINAR

  7. RIBF SEMINAR

  8. spherical deformed (axially symmetric) b2 deformation only Weizsächer-Bethe RIBF SEMINAR

  9. saddle Energy scission Physics of heavy and superheavy nuclei  large scale nuclear transmutation  quantum mechanical shell effect deformation RIBF SEMINAR

  10. Superheavy Element age of the universe ～　4.3x1017 s RIBF SEMINAR

  11. one end of nuclear chart’84－’94 120 119 118 117 116 115 SHE 114 113 112 266 Rg 265 264 Ds 261 262 Mt 259 263 261 260 Hs 258 261 260 262 Bh 257 262 258 259 260 261 262 Sg Db Rf 184 162 a-decay A Spontaneous fission A b+ or EC decay A RIBF SEMINAR

  12. one end of nuclear chart2010 one end of nuclear chart2009 294 120 119 290 291 292 293 118 287 288 294 293 117 286 287 288 289 290 116 278 283 284 289 290 115 SHE 285 286 283 284 277 282 114 279 280 274 272 285 286 113 279 273 282 269 270 271 281 112 275 266 276 Rg 268 270 281 282 278 270 271 265 275 264 269 266 267 Ds 264 261 262 266 267 271 272 265 278 Mt 259 263 271 261 264 260 265 266 262 Hs 263 258 261 267 259 260 262 268 263 Bh 274 257 262 263 267 268 258 259 260 261 261 262 Sg 270 Db Rf 184 162 a-decay A Spontaneous fission A b+ or EC decay A RIBF SEMINAR

  13. Main Limitations of Various Approaches to SHE *SF: spontaneous fission. cf. T1/2 of 258Fm158≈ 400 ms. **254Es(Z=99): T1/2≈ 276 day RIBF SEMINAR

  14. Ring Cyclotron pamphlet 1986 First Beam Dec. 1986 RIBF SEMINAR

  15. Ring Cyclotron pamphlet 1986 RIBF SEMINAR

  16. Ring Cyclotron pamphlet 1990 RIPS GARIS/IGiSOL RIBF SEMINAR

  17. RIBF SEMINAR

  18. 2000 RIBF SEMINAR

  19. Superheavy Element Study at RIKEN RIBF Experimental setups Hot Lab. CL GARIS, GARIS-II RIBF SEMINAR

  20. CSM Dec. Tank CSMAcc. Tanks RILAC Acc. Tanks RFQ-Linac GARIS RILAC Facility 18GHz ECR Ion Source RIBF SEMINAR

  21. 分離装置(separator) Experimental setup nucl. reaction select the nuclei of our interest from the unwanted then transport to the detector chamber incident ion beam （粒子の流れ） GARIS 標的（金属薄膜） 加速器 検出器(detectors) accelerate ions using electric field information of energies or positions of incoming ions and their decay particles are transform to electric signal RFQ-Linac イオン源 remove electrons from neutral atoms 理研original RIBF SEMINAR 18GHz ECR ion-source

  22. 272Rg 14 chains 278113 271Ds 14 chains 263, 264, 265Hs Reactions studied at RIKEN-GARIS 116 176 115 114 277112 2 chains 113 112 111 Ds Mt 170 Hs Bh 265Sg Sg Db 261Rf Rf 162 a Lr SF No b+ or EC Md b- Fm Es New ! Cf 152 RIBF SEMINAR

  23. Standard method for heavy element physics: recoil separator + position sensitive FPD RIKEN Gas-filled Recoil Separator GARIS beam Differential pumping section D1 Q1 Q2 D2 RIBF SEMINAR

  24. PSD SSD box MCP2 ions MCP1 Focal Plane Detectors RIBF SEMINAR

  25. 20 272Ds 10 273111 4 2 s (pb) 278112 1 0.5 279113 0.3 0.2 0.1 5 10 15 20 Ex of C.N. (MeV) Calculated threshold of fission after 1n emission Masses of Beams & Targets Audi & Wapstra, Nucl. Phys A565, 1 (1993) Masses of Compound Nuclei Myers & Swiatecki, Nucl. Phys. A601, 141 (1996) RIBF SEMINAR

  26. B + T + Ecm Sn Second chance fission sreshold Ex(CN) (A – n) + n Sn saddle point Bf Deformation A saddle point Deformation Ecm Energy diagram of 1n emission B + T RIBF SEMINAR

  27. Cold fusion: 208Pb 209Biなど魔法数をもつ安定な標的に相手方となるビームを照射する。 クーロン障壁近傍の入射エネルギーでは複合核の励起エネルギーが 15～20MeV程度。複合核の脱励起の過程で1個ないし2個の中性子を出して 超重元素である蒸発残留核を生じる。核分裂との競合回数が少ない のが利点であるが積Z1・Z2が大きくいわゆる融合阻害の度合いが大きい。 より中性子欠損の大きい核が合成されるため既知核へ連結することが多い。 Hot fusion： アクチノイド標的に48Caを照射する。クーロン障壁近傍の入射エネルギーでは複合核 の励起エネルギーが35～45MeV程度。2ないし4個の中性子を出して脱励起しする。 cold fusionに比べて標的とビームの原子番号がより非対称であるため、積Z1・Z2が cold fusionに比べ小さく、いわゆる融合阻害は無いと言われている。 より中性子欠損が少ない核が合成され、α崩壊チェーンは中性子過剰な側に突っ込み 既知核へ到達しない。 RIBF SEMINAR

  28. Cross-section systematics and extrapolation 400 fb 300 fb 23Na+248Cm => 266Bh+5n RIBF SEMINAR

  29. RIBF SEMINAR

  30. Summary of 209Bi + 70Zn experiment period 2003/9/5 ～ 2012/8/18 Beam Energy 5.03 AMeV 348 MeV at target half depth Total Dose 1.35x1020 Target Thickness 1.3x1018 /cm2 (0.45 mg/cm2) e_GARIS 0.8 s(3-events)2.2x10-38cm2 22 +20-13fb Irradiation time 13274 Hours (553 Days) Beam Intensity 2.8x1012/s (0.47 p-mA) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., Vol. 73 (2004) 2593 J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., Vol. 76 (2007) 045001 RIBF SEMINAR J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., Vol. 81 (2012) 103201

  31. Table I. Summary of beamtime used. RIBF SEMINAR

  32. RIBF SEMINAR

  33. 36.75 MeV TOF 44.61 ns 30.33 mm 36.47 MeV TOF 45.69 ns 30.08 mm 209Bi + 70Zn → 278113 + n 278113 CN 278113 CN a a 1st chain 11.68 MeV (PSD) 344μs 30.49 mm 11.52 MeV (PSD) 4.93ms 30.16 mm 23-July-2004 18:55 (JST) 274111 274111 a a 11.15 MeV 6.149+5.003 (PSD+SSD) 9.260 ms 30.40 mm 0.88+10.43=11.31 MeV (PSD+SSD) 34.3 ms 29.61 mm 270Mt 270Mt a a 10.03 MeV 1.136+8.894(PSD+SSD) 7.163 ms 29.79 mm 2.32 MeV (escape) 1.63 s 29.45 mm 266Bh 266Bh s = 31 fb a a 2nd chain 9.08 MeV (PSD) 2.469 s 30.91 mm 9.77 MeV (PSD) 1.31 s 29.65 mm 2-April-2005 2:18 (JST) 262Db 262Db 204.05 MeV(PSD) 40.9 s 30.25 mm 192.32 MeV(PSD) 0.787 s 30.47 mm s.f. s.f. RIBF SEMINAR

  34. 250 a1-SF in (a1-a2-SF) b a2-SF in (a1-a2-SF) a1-SF F 200 E G I J H ESF (Daughter) [MeV] 150 100 50 10 a a1-a2 in (a1-a2-a3/SF) a2-a3 in (a1-a2-a3) a1-a3 in (a1-a2-a3) a1-a2 9 C A Ea (Daughter) [MeV] 258Lr B 262Db D 266Bh 267Bh 262Db 8 10 8 9 RIBF SEMINAR Ea (Mother) [MeV]

  35. decays observed in 278113 synthesis 278113 279113 a one n evaporation decays observed in the present work 209Bi + 70Zn → 279113* 274Rg a 270Mt a 266Bh 269Bh 271Bh 267Bh 268Bh 270Bh a five n evaporation 248Cm + 23Na → 271Bh* 262Db a S.F. 258Lr a RIBF SEMINAR

  36. RIBF SEMINAR

  37. Apr. 2, 2005 11.68 ± 0.04 MeV 0.344 ms Jul. 23, 2004 278113 278113 a1 a1 11.15 ± 0.07 MeV 9.26 ms 274Rg 274Rg 11.52 ± 0.04 MeV 4.93 ms a2 a2 10.03 ± 0.07 MeV 7.16 ms 270Mt 270Mt 11.31 ± 0.07 MeV 34.3 ms 11.82 ± 0.06 MeV 0.667 ms 278113 a3 a3 9.08 ± 0.04 MeV 2.47 s 266Bh 266Bh 262Db 262Db 262Db 2.32 MeV (escape) 1.63 s a1 10.65 ± 0.06 MeV 9.97 ms 274Rg a4 a4 204 MeV 40.9 s 9.77 ± 0.04 MeV 1.31 s a2 10.26 ± 0.07 MeV 444 ms 270Mt 192MeV 0.787 s a3 9.39 ± 0.06 MeV 5.26 s S. F. S. F. 266Bh a4 Aug. 12, 2012 8.63 ± 0.06 MeV 126 s a5 8.66 ± 0.06 MeV 3.78 s 258Lr RIBF SEMINAR a6 254Md

  38. N=165 278113 t = 2.0 ms N=163 274Rg t = 18 ms previous N=161 270Mt t = 0.69 s N=159 266Bh t = 3.0 s N=157 262Db t = 56 s 10 ms 1000 s 1ms 0.1 s 10 s T_decay RIBF SEMINAR

  39. N=165 278113 t = 2.0 ms N=163 present 274Rg t = 18 ms previous N=161 270Mt t = 0.69 s N=159 266Bh t = 3.0 s N=157 262Db t = 56 s 10 ms 1000 s 1ms 0.1 s 10 s T_decay RIBF SEMINAR

  40. RIBF SEMINAR 崩壊時間の常用対数

  41. 262Db(Z = 105): ba/bSF = 67%/33%. T1/2 = 34 ± 4 s 8.450 ± 0.020 MeV (75%), 8.530 ± 0.020 MeV (16%), 8.670 ± 0.020 MeV (9%) • a5 • Ea = 8.63 ± 0.06 MeV • = 126 s (present) • t = 56 +77-21s  T1/2 = 39 +53–14s (three events) 258Lr(Z = 103): ba = 97.5%. T1/2 = 3.92+0.35–0.42 s 8.565 ± 0.025 MeV (20%), 8.595 ± 0.010 MeV (46%), 8.621 ± 0.010 MeV (25%), 8.654 ± 0.010 MeV (9%) • a6 • Ea = 8.66 ± 0.06 MeV • = 3.78 s •  T1/2 = 2.6 +12-1.1s (one events) no signal : E(X-ray of 254Fm)max = 142 keV Energy threshold of PSD = 800 keV 254Md/ 254mMd(Z = 101): bEC= 100%/ 100%, T1/2= 10 ± 3 / 28 ± 8 min 254Fm(Z = 100): ba= 99.94%, T1/2= 3.240 ± 0.002 h 6.898 ± 0.003 MeV (0.0066%), 7.050 ± 0.002 MeV (0.82%), 7.150 ± 0.002 MeV (14.2%), 7.192 ± 0.002 MeV (84.9%). • a7-1 • Ea = 7.26 ± 0.07 MeV • = 3.96 h Pacc = 0.43 • a7-2 • Ea = 7.18 ± 0.06 MeV • = 6.42 hPacc = 0.70 250Cf (Z=98): ba = 99.92% T1/2 = 13.08 y RIBF SEMINAR

  42. 209Bi + 70Zn 278113 + n a4: 266Bh (Z = 107) 1st Ea = 9.08 ± 0.04 MeV, t = 2.47 s 2nd Ea = 9.77 ± 0.04 MeV, t = 1.31 s 3rd Ea = 9.39 ± 0.06 MeV, t = 5.26 s mean-life = 3.0 +4.2-1.1 s  T1/2 = 4.3+6.1-1.6 s Cf: 248Cm + 23Na 266Bh + 5n 266Bh (Z = 107) Ea = 9.05 －9.23 MeV, t > s RIBF SEMINAR

  43. 283Cn 279Ds 271Sg 209Bi + 70Zn  n 2nd event Apr. 2 2005 3rdevent Aug. 12 2012 1st event Jul. 23 2004 278113 278113 CN a a 274Rg 既知核種 274Rg a a 264Hs 270Mt 270Mt a a 265Sg 266Sg 266Bh 260Sg 262Sg 266Bh a a FLNR/LLNR/GSI/LBNL 257Db 261Db 263Db 262Db 258Db 258Rf 263Rf 257Rf 259Rf 262Db 262Db a SF 256Lr 255No 257No 259No 254No 258Lr a 255Md 256Md 257Md 258Md 256Fm 253Fm 254Md 255Es 252Es 254Fm 254ES a 250Cf RIBF SEMINAR

  44. 249Bk + 48Ca  4n 249Bk + 48Ca  3n 294117 CN CN 293117 243Am + 48Ca  2n 243Am + 48Ca  3n a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a 243Am + 48Ca  4n 271Sg 279Ds 290115 CN CN CN 289115 289115 288115 287115 209Bi + 70Zn  n 237Np + 48Ca  3n 3rdevent Aug. 12 2012 286113 282113 285113 278113 285113 284113 CN 283113 278113 CN a 282Rg 278Rg 281Rg 274Rg 281Rg 280Rg 既知核種 279Rg 274Rg a 278Mt 264Hs 274Mt 270Mt 276Mt 275Mt 270Mt a SF SF SF SF SF SF 274Bh 265Sg 266Sg 270Bh 266Bh 272Bh 271Bh 260Sg 262Sg 266Bh a FLNR/LLNR/GSI/LBNL Actinide-based, 48Ca induced Hot fusion reactions 257Db 261Db 263Db 262Db 258Db 258Rf 263Rf 270Db 257Rf 259Rf 266Db 262Db 268Db 267Db 262Db a 256Lr 255No 257No 259No 254No 258Lr a 255Md 256Md 257Md 258Md 256Fm 253Fm 254Md 255Es 252Es 254Fm 254ES a 250Cf RIBF SEMINAR

  45. 249Bk + 48Ca  4n 293117 CN 209Bi + 70Zn  n a a a a a 271Sg 279Ds 289115 289115 CN 3rdevent Aug. 12 2012 278113 278113 285113 285113 CN a 243Am + 48Ca  2n 274Rg 既知核種 274Rg 281Rg 281Rg a 264Hs 270Mt 270Mt a SF SF 265Sg 266Sg 266Bh 260Sg 262Sg 266Bh a FLNR/LLNR/GSI/LBNL Actinide-based, 48Ca induced Hot fusion reactions 257Db 261Db 263Db 262Db 258Db 258Rf 263Rf 257Rf 259Rf 262Db 262Db a 256Lr 255No 257No 259No 254No 258Lr a 255Md 256Md 257Md 258Md 256Fm 253Fm 254Md 255Es 252Es 254Fm 254ES a 250Cf RIBF SEMINAR

  46. Systematics by Viola & Seaborg a=1.81040, b=-21.7199, c=-0.26488, d=-28.1319 by Smolanczuk, Phys. Rev. C56(1997)812 1000 Rg Mt 100 Bh 113 10 Hindrance Factor (Texp/Tcalc) 112 Ds Hs 1 Sg Rf 0.1 156 166 162 164 158 160 neutron number RIBF SEMINAR

  47. Program of SHE search and spectroscopy 209Bi(70Zn, n)278113 experiment completed on Oct. 1, 2012. Study 208Pb(76Ge, n)283114(Fl) reaction (under discussion). Start 248Cm(54Cr, 3n)299120 experiment. Systematic study of 50Ti induced hot-fusion reactions 248Cm(48Ca, 3n)293Lv 244Pu(50Ti, 3n)291Lv 248Cm(50Ti, 3n)295118 New isotope search of the heaviest nuclei and detailed spectroscopy with cold and hot fusion reactions. Mass measurement of the heaviest nuclei with m-TOF system coupled to GARIS (Wada-san’s group) Study of heavy ion transfer reaction with GARIS for the study of neutron rich nuclei around N=126 region. Try to measure X-ray from evaporation residues (in collaboration with W. Henning). Developing FPD detector system for a-g-e coincidence experiment RIBF SEMINAR

  48. Collaborators (2006 - ) RIKEN Nishina Center H. Haba, H. Hasebe, D. Kaji, K. Katori, Y. Kudou, T. Ohnishi, K. Ozeki, K. Morimoto, A. Yoneda, A. Yoshida, Tokyo University of Science T. Sumita, K. Tanaka, J. Chiba Saitama University T. Akiyama, R. Sakai, S. Yamaki, T. Yamaguchi Tohoku University T. Suda, H. Kikunaga, T. Shinozuka JAEA H. Koura, S. Mitsuoka, K. Ooe, N. Sato, A. Toyoshima, K. Tsukada, Y. Wakabayashi Niigata University S. Goto, M. Murakami, M. Murayama, Y. Kanaya, H. Kudo, YITP Kyoto University T. Ichikawa, University of Tsukuba A. Ozawa, K. Sueki Yamagata University Y. Fujimori, K. Mayama, T. Mashiko ,S. Namai, M. Takeyama, F. Tokanai, Center for Nuclear Science, University of Tokyo E. Ideguchi Osaka University Y. Kasamatsu, Y. Kitamoto, Y. Komori, T. Kuribayashi, K. Matsuo, D. Saika, A. Shinohara, T. Takabe, Y. Tashiro, T. Yoshimura Kanazawa University T. Nanri, D. Suzuki, I. Yamazaki, A. Yokoyama RIBF SEMINAR

  49. Thank you very much for your kind attention! RIBF SEMINAR

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