RIT Engineering Multidisciplinary Senior Design

1. RIT College of EngineeringMultidisciplinary Senior DesignP10054 - Monitoring Device for Human Smoking BehaviorDetailed Design Review6 November 2009 RIT Engineering Multidisciplinary Senior Design P10054 - Monitoring Device for Human Smoking Behavior Detailed Design Review 6 November, 2009 Time Topic Required Attendees 9:00 AM Introductions, Project Background and Summary, Needs and Specifications All Attendees Encouraged to Attend 9:15 AM Overall Design Concept Presentation All Attendees Encouraged to Attend 9:25 AM Microcontroller, Signal Conditioning, Powered Systems All EE/CE invitees, Mark Kempski, Risa Robinson, Ed Hanzlik 9:55 AM CReSS Device Benchmarking, Flow Path and Pressure Sensing Mark Kempski, John Wellin, Dr. Robinson, Ed Hanzlik 10:30 AM BOM, MSD II Risks All Attendees Encouraged to Attend 10:40 AM Features Deemed Beyond Scope of Project Risa Robinson, Ed Hanzlik 10:50 AM Action Item Review and Consensus Risa Robinson, Ed Hanzlik Meeting Timetable 9:40 AM DIP Belt Status John Wellin, Risa Robinson, Ed Hanzlik 10:15 AM Ergometrics and Case Designs Industrial Designers, John Bonzo, Risa Robinson, Ed Hanzlik Lead Speaker Frank Frank Rich, Derek Mike Mike, Brian Frank, Mike Frank, Rich Frank, Rich Mike

2. Schedule

3. Cigarette Smoking Machine

4. Project Outcome Volunteer Smokes a Cigarette through Data Collection Device Data is Converted into a Digital Smoker Profile Smoking Machine Smokes a Cigarette per the Volunteer’s Profile 44mm Filters for Chemical Testing Impactor - Particle Size Distribution Data Deposition in Lung Cast Pictures from P08042’s Website, www.skcinc.com, and Original works

5. Project Deliverables and Key Challenges • Project Deliverables • Working Alpha Prototype • Ramp up plan for building of 50-500 units • Potential/Necessary Improvements for follow-on team beginning in 092 • Key Challenges • Ergonomics – Not biasing data • Deep Inhalation Puff

6. Customer Needs

7. Engineering Specifications

8. Chosen Concept Remote Handheld Smoking Unit • Case Ergonomics – Frank • Air Flow Path and Pressure Sensing – Brian Deep Inhalation Puff Sensor Belt • Selection and Contacts - Mike Belt Clip Central Unit • Microcontroller – Rich • Power System and Signal Processing - Derek

9. Gumstix vs. Microcontroller The Gumstix is a small computer running an embedded Linux operating system.  Many expansion boards are sold to make implementing new features as simple as possible. Benefits: • Advanced data processing capability • Programming in Java or C • Power management • Includes SD memory expansion • Simple implementation of 802.11 or Bluetooth for data transfer Disadvantages: • Higher power use • Requires microcontroller expansion board for data acquisition • Higher cost ($200 vs $60)

10. SD vs USB Data storage could be on MicroSD or USB • Both cost approximately the same, but MicroSD generally takes up less space • With USB memory, the connector often takes up the most space, and we may need to remove it and rewire in order to fit the USB memory module inside the case • That would negate the advantage of easy data transfer to a PC

11. Arduino Microcontroller • The Arduino line of microcontrollers offers many advantages over other types. • Feature-rich prototyping modules, facilitating programming and implementation • Object-Oriented embedded C programming language • Free code libraries for many common functions • True analog inputs with 10-bit digital resolution

12. Arduino Model Selection

13. Scale-Up Considerations • Arduino boards are open source • Could have customer boards built for our device with dedicated battery interface, data storage, exterior connections, etc. • A more conservative option, if manufacturing 50 or more units, would be to use an "Arduino Pro" board.  • These do not have the pin and connector system of the type selected, and do not include a power module.  • A Pro board would more easily be soldered in between components and would allow for integration of battery and power circuitry with less duplication.

14. Battery Selection

15. Chosen Battery • Charge / Power Output on same port • Will require either external jumper or design and inclusion of rotary switch • If rotary switch – Will likely also need additional power switch, as battery switch would not be exposed

16. Signal Amplification • In Handheld Device to boost signal • LM 741 OP AMP Amplification circuit • Conditioning specifics to be determined once sensor can be tested • May not be necessary depending on sensor choice

17. Power Usage

18. Deep Inhalation Puff (D.I.P.) The deep inhalation puff is the breath of “clean” air after taking an initial draw on a cigarette. This “clean” air includes side stream smoke or commonly known as second hand smoke. By capturing the deep inhalation puff, the device will provide more accurate data than the CReSS device on how a human smokes a cigarette during an entire smoking event.

19. Deep Inhalation Puff Concept Selection

20. Deep Inhalation Puff Sensor Alternate Methods All Breathing Through Mask Impedance Method Magnetometers

21. Reverse Engineering • The team has reversed engineered a DIP belt at this point and had enough data to connect it to a microcontroller

22. Concept Debate Respiratory Inductive Bands Piezo-Resistance Belts

23. Piezo-Resistive Belts • Using a piezo-electric crystal, it converts chest respiration movement to a small analog voltage that provides a clear, reliable indication of respiration waveforms. • Isolated element provides excellent immunity to environmental artifacts. • Very strong and stable signal. • Sensors individually calibrated for consistent sensitivity. • Sturdy mechanical design

24. Respiratory Inductive Bands • Made of a high-quality, soft and flexible material, these bands provide great comfort to the patient. • Velcro tabs allow the bands to fit a wide range of sizes. • The generous width of each band minimizes the sliding and shifting that occurs during the night. • Washable, steriliziable, and autoclavable • Very light and comfortable

27. CReSS Pocket DevicePlowshare Technologies CReSS Pocket is a self-contained battery operated device that measures ambulatory smoking behavior. With time and date tags assigned at cigarette insertion/removal, a new highly-quantitative view of behavior becomes available.  Onboard memory is used to store all measures for up to four weeks without requiring interaction with study staff. Device does not account for varying densities and temperatures of different cigarettes. http://www.plowshare.com/products/portable/index.html

28. CReSS Characteristics Measured Characteristics • Puff Volume [0..150 ml]• Puff Duration [0..20 sec, recorded in ms]• Inter-Puff Interval [0..1200 sec, recorded in ms]• Peak Flow during Puff [0..150 ml/sec]• Time of Peak Flow [0..20 sec, recorded in ms]• Mean Flow during Puff [0..150 ml/sec]• Puffs per Cigarette [0..40 puffs]• Time to First Puff [0..1200 sec, recorded in ms]• Time to Removal [0..1200 sec, recorded in ms]• Date and Time [mm/dd/yyyy hh:mm:ss] Physical Dimensions • Device Width = 2.54 inches (body)• Device Length = 2.16 inches (body)• Device Height = 1.16 inches (body)• Mouthpiece Length = 2.78 inches• Mouthpiece Protrusion from Body = 0.62 inches• Weight = 3.1 ounces (with battery)• Battery = CR123A 3VDC lithium cell• AC Adapter = 3VDC 1A output (120VAC/240VAC) http://www.plowshare.com/products/portable/index.html

29. CReSS Device • Has been tested under a variety of conditions using cigarette smoking machine

30. Data From CReSS Device

31. Flow Path Design Process

32. Flow Path Design Equations

33. Flow Path Design

34. Flow Path

35. Pressure Sensor • Chosen vendor – AllSensors • Educational and Volume Discounts • Pressure Range – 0 to 1 in H2O • Final selection between 5 candidates requires call to vendor for prices/more info • Varying amplification schemes • Will be completed within next week, likely sooner

36. Handheld Concerns • Currently at model stage • Need to give models to focus group to choose a final design • CNC-ready CAD models will follow final design choice • Fundamentals of internal structure already understood, will resemble upper portion of CReSS • 2 outer case pieces and plate with pressure taps, plus mouthpiece • Material – Delrin? • Ramp up – Injection Molding

37. Handheld Concept – "Wedge"

38. Handheld Concept – Vent Holes

39. Belt Clip Case Concerns • Rough Dimensions – 2.5” x 4” x 1.75” • Awaiting dimensions, screw hole placements from board • Need decision/necessary space for rotary switch if included • CNC from CAD Model – Delrin? • Ramp up – Injection Molding

41. Risks • Poor/ Inadequate Microcontroller Coding • Device significantly influences how user smokes • DIP belt cannot be integrated into system • Late with Final Casing Designs • Production Cost Overrun • Prototype not finished on time • Product lacking durability • DIP sensor cost • Battery Issue

42. Testing Plan • Testing Procedure • Test Data Accuracy and Repeatability • Run in Cigarette smoking machine using known flow rates per standard developed to study CReSS (See separate document) • Run with CReSS in parallel, as a control/check for performance comparison • Compare results from our device, CReSS and known flow rate initially and after 5, 20, 50 cigarettes to determine repeatability • Testing Unobtrusiveness • Durability • Scale Up

43. Testing Plan • Calibration • Pressure sensor initial calibration • DIP belt to unique user. • Design Criteria Validation • Demonstrate ability to read out from device • Flow Rate vs Time for each puff from each cigarette smoked with device • DIP vs Time for each puff from each cigarette smoked with device • Demonstrate device’s ability to store adequate amount of data (1 week’s worth or 1 month’s worth) • Demonstrate device ability to maintain power throughout month-long study, including recommended charging or replacement schedule • Demonstrate ability to maintain device via removable mouthpiece/flow path

44. Features Deemed Beyond Project Scope

45. Thank You All pictures used under educational fair use