Chapter 7 Life in the New Nation

1. Chapter 7 Life in the New Nation Section 1

2. Learning Targets • I can list the major reasons why the nation’s population became larger and younger between 1780 and 1830 • I can describe the westward movement of white and African American pioneers to west of the Appalachians • I can explain how Native Americans were forced west of the Mississippi

3. A Growing and Young Nation • In 1830 there were around 12 million people in the United States – it was around 2.7 in 1780 • Immigration did not play a very big role in the increase (10 %) • African slave population also slowed due to a law which made it illegal to import slaves • Between 1800-1849 the average woman had five children • The population boom is also impressive due to the high infant mortality rate (rate at which infants, babies less than 1 year old, die) • 1800’s this rate was around 130 per 1000 births or 13% because of inability to treat illnesses

4. Pioneers Move West • Many people moved to trans-Appalachia (the area west of the Appalachian Mountains) • They would come with their entire family and have to build a home and raise a crop to eat with small hand tools

5. Daniel Boone • In 1775, the Transylvania Company employed Boone to created the Wilderness Road (a road from eastern Tennessee to Louisville used as the main road to trans-Appalachia) • He was a member of the Kentucky state legislature • Boone died in Missouri as a famous and tough pioneer

6. Florida • Florida belonged to Spain at this time (we had AL, MS and LA) • We had agreed to Pinkney Treaty (treaty with the Spanish that made the southern boundary of the US)-Southern boundary was 31 degrees N, giving Spain Florida-US citizens could use the Mississippi River through Florida-Each country would control NAs living in their territory

7. Florida • Spanish rebellions in South America took all their attention and the NAs in the US began to raid Georgia • Andrew Jackson was selected to end the problem and did in a few short weeks • He told President Monroe in a note that “the possession of Florida would be desirable and it will happen in 60 days” • The Spanish were outraged but President Monroe said they broke Pinkney’s Treaty • The Spanish did not argue due to the fighting in South America and signed a treaty with the US for Florida • Adams-Onis Treaty (treaty where Spain ceded Florida to the US) was signed where Spain ceded (gave up) Florida and the Pacific Northwest to the US. • The US ceded a part of Texas to the Spanish

8. Native Americans Forced West • NAs were constantly forced west due to signing treaties • During the move many died due to disease from the whites • Many NA groups fought to keep their culture • The Cherokee was a NA group that began to blend white culture with their own-They created a legal system and a government-They began owning private property instead of community property-Had slaves • This only slowed the whites from wanting their land