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The Rise of Islam

The Rise of Islam . World History – Chapter 6 Section 1. Arab Life. Southwest: well-watered valleys.  Rest of the region: desert and arid plains Many Arabs were nomads who herded sheep, camels and goats. Leading each tribe was a sheikh. Most Arabs were polytheistic.

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The Rise of Islam

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  1. The Rise of Islam World History – Chapter 6 Section 1

  2. Arab Life • Southwest: well-watered valleys. •  Rest of the region: desert and arid plains • Many Arabs were nomads who herded sheep, camels and goats. • Leading each tribe was a sheikh. • Most Arabs were polytheistic.

  3. Muhammad and His Message • Born in Mecca in C.E. 570 • At age 25, married his 40-year-old employer…Khadija. • In C.E. 610, Muhammad had a revelation from God. • Muhammad wrote down the words of his revelation in a book called the Quran.

  4. The Five Pillars of Islam • There is only one God and Muhammad is his prophet. • Muslims must pray 5 times a day facing Mecca. • Muslims observe a daylight fast during the month of Ramadan. • The Muslims give alms or charity to the poor. • All Muslims who are able must undertake the Hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca once in their lives.

  5. Arab Empires Chapter 6 Section 2

  6. Creation of an Arab Empire • Muhammad’s Leadership • Seen as political & religious leader • Death of Muhammad • Left no heirs • What’s the problem? • Abu Bakr • Named 1st caliph • Father in law of Muhammad • Use of jihad (struggle in the way of God) • Defensive war • Unified Arabian peninsula under his leadership and Islam

  7. Creation of an Arab Empire • Conquest • Byzantine lands • Egypt • Northern Africa • Arab Rule • Abu Bakr died w/out successor • Problems again??? • Assassinations • Ali • Son in law of Muhammad • Tolerant of other cultures • Did not force conversion

  8. Two Dynasties • Umayyad Dynasty • Leader: Mu’awiyah • Capital: Damascus • Conquest • Spain • Constantinople • Abassid Dynasty • Leader: Abu al-Abbas • Overthrew Umayyad rule • Capital: Baghdad • Golden Age • Harun al-Rashid

  9. Split in Islam • Conflict between Arabs & Non-Arabs • Non-Arabs resented their lack of privileges • Hussein • Led a revolt against Umayyad dynasty • 72 vs 10,000 • The Split • Shiite Muslims • Accept descendents of Ali as true rulers of Islam • Sunni Muslims – Accept Umayyad rule

  10. People of Islam • Arabs • First to accept Islam • Bedouins • Africans • Egyptians • Morocco • Berbers • Byzantines • Formerly Eastern Orthodox Christian • Turks • Persians

  11. Islam on the Move • Seljuk Turks • Nomadic people from Central Asia • Located in present day Iran • Political leaders of Middle East • Leader – Sultan (holder of power) • Crusades • Muslims vs ___________ • Middle East vs ____________ • Saladin • Sultan of Egypt • Conquered Christian forces

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