The Rise of Islam

1. The Rise of Islam Chapter 9 Section 1

2. Key Terms • Bedouins • Muhammad • Hegira • Islam • Muslim • Qur’an • Five Pillars of Faith • Mosque • Jihad

3. Deserts, Towns, and Trade Routes • Arabian Peninsula crossroads to three continents • Few oases for agriculture • Surrounded by desert • Herders and nomads

4. The Setting • Bedouins- Arab nomads organized into tribes • Ideals of • Courage • Loyalty to family • Warrior skills • Became Islamic way of life • 600’s market towns

5. Crossroads or Trade and Ideas • Western coast had larger trading towns • Local to long distance • Connected major oceans and trade routes • Transported goods as well as information

6. Mecca • Caravans stopped during holy months • Brought religious pilgrims • Ka’ab shrine of Abraham • 360 idols from different tribes • Allah-one God know in Arabian Pensiula

7. Muhammad the Messenger • Powerful Meccan Family • Received little schooling • Age 25 became a trader • Married Khadijah his business partner • Met followers of Judaism and Christianity on business

8. The Revelations • Great interest in religion • Age 40 voice called to him • Meditated in cave outside Mecca • Voice of Gabriel • Told Muhammad he was the messenger of God

9. Revelations • Muhammad thought he was the last of the prophets • Taught Allah was the only God • Muslims agreed with the principles of Islam • Islam- means submission to the will of Allah

10. Sharing the Revelations • 613 Muhammad preached publicly in Mecca • Followers attacked • Left Mecca 622 • Moved to Yathrib • Heigra- the 200 mile trip • Yathrib renamed Medina

11. Sharing the Revelations • Muhammad displayed leadership skills • Joined Arabs and Jews into a single community • Became a military leader • Hostilities with Mecca • Islam is the faith • Muslims are the followers

12. Returning to Mecca • 630 Muhammad and 10,000 followers marched on Mecca • Destroyed idols of Ka’aba • Meccans pledged loyalty • Muhammad dies two years later

13. Basic Ideas of Islam • Only one God- Allah • Five Pillars of Faith • 1 to become a Muslim There is no God but, A, and Muhammad is the Messenger for Allah • 2 Pray five times a day • 3 Alms- give to the poor • 4 Fasting during Ramadan • 5 Pilgrimage if physically and financially perform Haij to Mecca

14. Guidance and Behavior • Five pillars ensure Muslims live religion while serving the community • Forbidden to eat pork • Drink intoxicating beverages • Friday afternoons for communal worship

15. A Way of Life • Has no priests or religious authority • Muslims worship Allah directly • Ulama- Muslim scholars • Religious teachers who apply to the word of Allah to everyday life

16. Sources of Authority • Qur’an-the holy book of Muslims • Written after Muhammad’s death • Written in Arabic • Used in worship • True word • Became language of worshippers and scholars

17. Source of Authority • Arabic language helped unite conquered people • Sunna- Muhammad’s example the best model of proper living • Shari’a- system of laws that regulate family life, moral conduct, business and community life

18. People of the Book • All have Allah as the one God • Muslims see Jesus as a prophet not son of God • Qur’an the word of God to Muhammad • Torah to Moses • Gospels to the Christians

19. People of the Book • Muhammad was the final prophet • All have, heaven, hell, and final judgment • Ancestry to Abraham • Christians and Jews are people of the book • Qur’an requires religious tolerance of Christians and Jews