American History Chapter 16-3

1. American History Chapter 16-3 Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal

2. Theodore Roosevelt • Theodore Roosevelt became president in 1901. • Bully pulpit: T.R. used the presidency as a platform for change.

3. Roosevelt’s Presidency • 1902 - Roosevelt broke up a major coal strike by threatening to take control of the mines. • 1904 campaign slogan: The Square Deal. • Promised all Americans fair treatment. • Used the Sherman Antitrust Act to bust up bad trusts. • Elkins Act: Protected RR customers from unfair rates. • Hepburn Act: Gave the ICC the power to regulate interstate trade.

4. Consumer Protection Under T.R. • Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle: Exposed the meat packing industry & their unsanitary practices. • Congress passed the Meat Inspection Act: Required federal inspection of meat passing over state lines. • Pure Food & Drug Act: Forbade the making & sale of food & medicines that contained harmful ingredients. • Also required ingredient labels. Sinclair

5. Environmental Protection • John Muir: Naturalist who encouraged the gov’t. to preserve nature. • “God has cared for these trees, saved them from drought, disease, avalanches, and a thousand tempests and floods. But he cannot save them from fools.” John Muir • Gifford Pinchot: First to use the word conservation in terms of protecting natural environment.

6. Roosevelt’s Greatest Legacy • President Roosevelt believed that natural resources were limited & and their use needed to be controlled. • Newlands Reclamation Act: Provided federal irrigation projects to make arid land more useful. • U.S. Forest Service: Est. 1905 – Added 150 million acres of controlled & regulated national forests. • Antiquities Act: 1906 law that led to 18 new national monuments during Roosevelt’s presidency.

7. Gila National Forest 1907

8. Devil’s Tower 1908

9. Grand Canyon 1908

10. Muir Woods 1908